Author: Kholoud Elbaz
Title: Foundation of Education
Area:
Country: United States
Program:
Available for Download: Yes
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Table content
Introduction
Foundation of the adult education we need to know 5 points:
1-understanding the adult demand generally not in learning onlyPrinciples of Adult Learning
2-understanding the main adult circumstances and motives all around the different areas and nationalities:
a-AREAS &NATIONALITIES
b-The main adult motive towards learning is
c-adult circumstances
3-recruiting adult
Adult learning: seven key areas for consideration
4-Techniques in teaching:
Methods
5-main support after learning the adult: For example:

Introduction

This  subject is talking about the foundation of adult education and in my belief its  not so  hard  to do  cause the adult is  not an alien  comes from the space no at all  he  is a  human  like  us   the same  blood  and  flesh   but  the  main   complicated  part  is   to understand  his  mind  ,  needs , and  mentality   even  his  character  and  more over  is  the  circumstances  that  surrounded him and  let  him  come  again  into  the  learning track .
So  the main  thing that we need to  keep in  our  mind  that  adult  in  America  is  completely  different  than  the  adult  in  Egypt  and  the  same  the adult  in  Russia is  completely   different  than  in  Africa  and this  is   due  to the political  ,economical  standard  and  circumstances  u  know Africa  has  a  special  political  climate  differ  than  the  gulf or  Egypt  or  even  Japan   but  all  of  them  are   common  in  one thing  is  that   they  want  to  learn  and  they   do want to  restore  what  the  surroundings  has  deprive  them  from.   its  the  learning  so  in  order  to  know  do  we begin the

 Foundation of the adult education we need to know 5 points:

1-understanding the adult demand   generally not in learning only
2-understanding the main motive and the surroundings around the adult 
3-how to recruit the adult again on learning track 
4-even the most modern technique n teaching adults
5-the main point that  we all forget  is the adult support after  learning to  begin his  new life  course .

and in this point  I will display a specific point  in this  cause I do  believe  that  this  is  the main  issue  for the adult  need  its support
 
First I will begin with the main point:

1-understanding the adult demand generally not in learning only
So when we are talking about the adult needs and demands in the whole life not learning we need to know main points which are:
General demand:

1-better life
2-best earning (good financial state
3-goodway in treating
4- Correcting the society way of looking towards them as illiterate or ignorant people or even nonsense cause they missed learning
those are the generally  demand that the adult trying to achieve and this comes only by learning so those are his main needs in life they vary from country to another according to the circumstances as I said .

But the adult needs in learning it needs to focus on some main points which are:

Principles of Adult Learning

It's useful to understand some of the principles of adult learning. Meaning, what we know about how adults learn best.  This may be a challenge, given the limited amount of time you have available for training, but you may find it helpful to keep some of the following guidelines in mind as you plan your presentation

.T Adults are autonomous and self-directed.
 They need to be free to direct themselves. Effective teachers get participants. Perspectives on what topics to cover and let participants work on projects that reflect their interests.

T Adults are goal-oriented.
  They are motivated to learn when they have a use for the knowledge or the skill being sought. Adults view learning as a means to an end, not an end in itself.  Participants benefit and are more highly motivated when the trainer shows them how the class will help them reach their goals.

T Adults bring a great deal of experience
 and knowledge to the classroom.  Trainers need to connect learning to this knowledge experience base.

T Adults need to be able to integrate new ideas
with what they already know.  This is particularly true if they are going to remember, and use, the new information. Information that conflicts sharply with what is already held to be true is integrated more slowly.

T Adults must see the reason for learning some-thing.
  In other words, the learning has to be applicable to their work or other  responsibility-ties.  They will focus upon the aspects of lesson that are most useful to them in their work Instructors can motivate adults by telling them explicitly how the lesson will be

Useful to them on the job.
.
T Adults tend to prefer self-directed
 and self-designed learning projects over group-learning experiences led by a professional.

T Adults report a need for application
 and how-to
Information as the primary motivation for beginning a learning project.

T Adults want their learning to be problem oriented personalized,
 and accepting of their need for self-direction and personal responsibility.

T Respect the experience of the audience.
 Increasing or maintaining one's sense of self-esteem is a strong secondary motivator for adults engaging in learning.  Because adults tend to take errors personally and are more likely to let their mistakes affect their self-esteem, it's important to respond with respect to the opinions they offer and the questions they ask.  Avoid asking adults to risk trying a new behavior in front of peers and colleagues. Acknowledge the wealth of experience and knowledge they bring to the learning situation.

T Create a comfortable space
.  The learning environment needs to be physically and psychologically comfortable.  Avoid long lectures, periods where learners must sit for a long time, and instruction that does not pro- space with few emotional distractions, where both dialogue and privacy are permitted, where learners can be themselves and where a feeling of mutual trust and respect between learners and instructors exists.

So the clever teacher should have those points in her mind towards the adult in order not to miss her track during learning adult.

2-understanding the main adult circumstances and motives all around the different areas and nationalities:

and this is another point be scored toward the teacher side  is to make the adult  feel that all the people around him understand his circumstances  so if the teacher understand his areas demand so she will make the learning process more easily in  performing .
 So
1-adult in underdeveloped country like (central Africa- North Africa)
 They are suffering from (bad climate –bad political states-bad educational climate--- EST.)

2- gulf area and far east like  (emirates and Japan --- est. ) those countries they some of them are very rich country like emirates and gulf countries cause they are petrol countries so the standard of living is very high and the education there is  more progressed  than north Africa  but in far east  some of the country  like Japan are very rich country with very high standard of living even there is no illiterate man and the education there by using the computer beside Japan present her experience in learning to all over  the world beside there ultimate progress in electronics
But there is some of the countries in Far East like (china –Indonesia) they have bad standard of living.

3- central Europe( communist union ) Russia and those are suffering from the  ex cold war and poverty beside every country has got its dependence  so adult don’t have work there beside the low standard of  living there

4-Europe  And this considered to be the most progressed in the world that  every adult dream to move there even for work or learn to have a better life there .

5- North America and Canada they are the same as Europe in progress

6-Latin America  it’s the same as north Africa and some countries in far east  but in some exception as Chile and Venezuela

So if the teacher understands the background that the adult come from so she will understand the main motive so she will fulfill the main needs and demands

B-The main adult motive towards learning is;

the main motive for most adults towards learning is improving the social ,educational , financial standard to coupe with  surrounding  so the adult try repay what had missed all of the years in his life that he  miss the learning track .

Most of the adult feels that they need to get more information and knowledge to continue there life by getting a new job or getting a better degree to get more progress.

To over come some pf there problems like working or traveling or even passing a contest in writing skills!

I think as a studier this is the most important motive towards the adult to care about and run after.

C-adult circumstances:

Most of the adult learners are suffering bad circumstances that are why they miss the normal learning track age and most of them are suffering g from:

-financial problems (money shortage)
-drugs
-sexual discrimination (boys learn – girls not)
-other social circumstances like (prison – home escape –homeless-orphanages and social caring association where the children lived there till adoption
- working in sexual works (prostitution or gays   like in Asia).

3-recruiting adult

In order to convince the adult about learning we need to know and discuss the main problems that hinders the adult from learning so to make and get the main back ground about the problem beside the adult so to recruit the adult we need

Adult learning: seven key areas for consideration

Understanding the needs of adult learners

Building relationships between service providers employers, government and the community

Promoting the value of adult learning

Assisting mature age transitions

Supporting learning in the workplace

Ensuring access to opportunities

Engaging communities

 Step 1 – Define the job that needs to be done
This means working out exactly what it is you need to be done and what tasks need carrying out rather than what role you want to fill. So the adult feel more comfort   towards his needed tasks and duties.

Step 2 – Identify the skills and qualities needed
What skills and qualities would the ideal person for the job have; what sort of Person is you looking for to carry out the tasks you’ve identified?

Step 3 – Generate a list of who can do the job
Identify individuals who might be able to do the tasks you’ve identified and have the skills and qualities for which you are looking.

Step 4 – Target the best choice
Select from the list that best fits the description of your ideal person.

Step 5 – Ask someone to help you Decide who will ask them, how, and then do it!

Step 6 - offer support and welcome them into Scouting
Use the induction process to welcome them and make them feel part of Scouting
By outlining the training and support available to them.

4-Techniques in teaching:

So for the adult we need to know the techniques for the teaching so to convince the adult and attracting him again towards the learning track after taking in consideration his experience in life and the difference in age I mean different than the child.

 so by  using the distant learning ( on line )  it  let all of the learners have the chance equally to learn  without the problem of traveling  or visa or  even money problems
But the fees must be proper to the entire adult budget to get.
Methods

Curriculum and materials piloted the pilot consisted of two 4-6 week, mini-courses based on available products in fall of 1998. These courses were Finding a Job (Units 1-5) and Workplace Writing (Units13-15). Each unit consisted of one half-hour video,

 One workbook chapter and one set of online activities (typically 2 to 3 individual lesson activities). Teachers attempted to cover one unit a week in the Finding a Job mini-course, and about one unit every week and a half for Workplace Writing. In addition,

 Each teacher received one day of training by Literacy Link staff as well as a teacher’s guide. The teacher’s guide consisted of an overview of the project, introductory sections describing the navigation and structure of the Internet site, as well as brief before, during, and after lesson plan activity selections for each video, workbook chapter subsection, and online video activity.

Data was collected from both teachers and learners.

 Data collection from learners consisted of a baseline questionnaire; weekly diary of time spent, readability of materials and clarity of tasks, and perceived learning; and an end-of-course survey including
Perceived learning and course rating. Data collection from teachers consisted of weekly email Questionnaires of teaching/learning issues and reflections on the teacher’s guide, and
An end-of-course survey on teaching/learning issues and recommendations for adoption.

Classroom observations were also conducted. All student online activities were collected
And saved as part of individual student records.
Classroom teachers selected for the pilot received one-day training by Literacy Link staff. The training was designed to be hands-on demonstrations of effective,

integrated classroom uses of the video, workbook, and online system. Teachers also received a visit from Literacy Link technical staff to help configure classroom technologies. Teachers had access to a technical support hotline at PBS for answering both technology and instructional questions.
So we after making the suitable program for adults as to learn them the designed curriculum especially for adults. so the adult will see a new trend in learning  so as in some institutions they  learn the adults some program as in nursing or in art or even in mechanics  est. they got the adult in a real workshop  or hospital or artistic workshop to get them in a real mode of learning beside the graphic show or the internet programs for learning them as in a practical and applied way like   the real and normal life .      

5-main support after learning the adult:

the main problem for the adult is not learning no  but  what after learning   do he  work   to earn   what  he   spend  during his  learning period ?  or  he  will  be  like that   in  his   home  nothing  to  do  ?
So this is the main question that passes through every adult mind.  so  most  of  the  institutes  learn  the  adult  the courses  and  they  let  them   work  in the  institutes  or  they  offer them  jobs  in  any  where  to  be reconciled  with what they  have  learned  which pleased and  encourage  the  adult  to  keep  learning  more  and  some  of  that  institutes  they  make  a  contests  for  the adult  to  shoe  people  what  will they  do  with  there learning .  so the adults  needs to find  a job  vacancies  to  let  them work  and  get benefit  for them self  and  others so
they learn  them nursing  and  offer for the brilliant  adults job vacancies in  some hospital  for whom who get  the nursing course in excellent grades.

For example:

1-In Australia and Canada there is institutes that offer jobs after they take a specific course in ( carpentering or even gallery making or car repairing --- etc  then they offer jobs for thru brilliant adult students .

2-The same in United States and in England vein in most of the European countries.

But the main problem that theses institutes is not much there in Arabian countries .

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