The importance of Mathematics

By Dr. Rosa Hilda Lora M. Advisor at AIU | rosa@aiu.edu

We study and study and the tradition is that mathematics is the most important science and that without it we will not be able to do anything. When students are finishing their degrees, they get worried because they think that all research is solved with mathematics. First, we must think about what science we intend to do our research on to see if it is one of the so-called “hard sciences” —such as the natural and physical sciences— and if it is one of the “soft sciences” which are the Social and Humanities.

Currently, although we are working with hard sciences, it’s requested that all research ends with a holistic methodology; It means that it’s resolved by solving all the areas of knowledge with which it’s related because we have to apply it to practical situations in all the spheres it includes. Let’s see what emerges first: the determination that to be a science it really must reach mathematical demonstration or if a science is a science by the process it follows in accordance with the path of demonstration that its object of study allows. There is a wonderful work on Mathematics written by James R. Newman, a work done in 6 volumes that among our original works we have the pleasure of possessing. Newman says of Mathematics: “Higher Mathematics has the simplicity and inevitability of supreme poetry and music, standing on the border between all that is wonderful in science and all that is beautiful in art.” (Newman, 1994, p. 94) Let’s see what the journey of Mathematics has been and where it comes from that for research to have scientific rigor it must necessarily go through mathematics.

Newman says that: “According to Aristotle, mathematics originated because the priestly class of Egypt had the time necessary to dedicate themselves to its study; More than two thousand years later, exact corroboration of this observation was obtained through the discovery of a papyrus currently preserved in the Rhind collection at the British Museum.” (Newman, 1994, p. 8) The Egyptians had good knowledge in practice, but they didn’t know the theory. From ancient Greece we have: • Tales of Miletus s. VII AC • Pythagoras 570 AC to 500- 490 AC. • Hippocrates 460 AC to 370 AC • Democritus 460 AC to 370 AC • Plato 427 AC to 347 AC From Pythagoras h. 572 BC-h. 497 BC let us remember his theorem. In the 4th century BC, mathematics moved to Africa with the conquest of Alexander the Great, who founded Alexandria; he died two years later. Greeks, Jews and Arabs met in Alexandria.

In the city Ptolemy 100 BC. - 170 BC. - created a library that was a university and Euclid 325 BC. - was one of the first teachers. Apollonius of Perga 15 BC. – 98 BC. - and Archimedes of Samos 287 AC - 212 AC followed Euclid 325 BC Apollonius perfected the geometry of conic sections. Archimedes, the invention of integral calculus and the principle of the lever. Greek mathematics later remained inactive for a thousand years. By the 16th century, a strong period in mathematics began, we are talking about John Napier (1550-1617) creator of logarithms and Kepler (1571- 1630) the Conjecture. The brilliant era of Mathematics arises when thinking becomes mathematical. We talk, among others: Pascal (1623-1662) Descartes (1596-1650) Newton (1642-1727) and Fermat (1607-1665). Pascal - Pascal’s triangle. Descartes - creates analytical geometry and the rule of signs. Newton- differential and integral calculus. Fermat- creates number theory. For the 19th century we talk about Gauss (1777-1855) who demonstrated Fermat’s polygonal number theorem.

Poincare (1854-1912) – Topology. Bertrand Russell (1872- 1970) and his Paradox of Sets. Twentieth century. Kurt Gödel (1906-1978). The theory of Solitons or nonlinear waves. We also have: “The Riemann Hypothesis. First of all is the Riemann Hypothesis, which has tormented mathematicians for 150 years. The Riemann Hypothesis has to do with the concept of prime numbers, which is the basic piece of arithmetic. A prime number is a positive integer greater than 1 that cannot be divided by any positive number except 1 and itself. The series of prime numbers begins with 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and continues without limit. Griffiths, Phillip. Institute for Advanced Study. Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-0631, United States of America https://blogs.mat.ucm.es/ catedramdeguzman/las-matematicasante- el-cambio-de-milenio/ A notation that Griffiths makes of Mathematics is that the work of mathematicians is made difficult because they must lower the level of their presentations so that other scientists who are not from the area can attend.

The work of mathematicians is not intended to serve the other sciences. Because of the research that is being done today in the 21st century, it seems that we have passed the stage where to do science it’s necessary for mathematics to exist and for the experiment to be done. Poincare did good research in mathematics that is very important today. “The Poincare conjectures. This problem is puzzling because it is both very fundamental and very simple in appearance. In Poincare’s day, a century ago, it was considered a trivial matter as was all of Topology, an area of Mathematics that he had essentially invented. Today’s Topology Today it’s a vital and significant area of Mathematics.” Griffiths, Phillip. Institute for Advanced Study -Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-0631, United States of America. https://blogs.mat.ucm.es/ catedramdeguzman/las-matematicasante- el-cambio-de-milenio/ From Poincare we also have: “The entire machinery of what we nowadays call simplicial homology is entirely the creation of Poincare: the concepts of triangulation in a manifold, of a simplicial complex, of barycentric subdivision and of the dual complex, that of a matrix. of incidence coefficients of a complex and the calculation of Betti numbers from that matrix”. (Poincare, 2019, p. 35) The works of Gödel are also important: “In 1931 the logician Kurt Gödel, Austrian by birth, established that absolute certainty could not be achieved in arithmetic, assuming that arithmetic is based on certain properties of integers.” Griffiths, Phillip. Institute for Advanced Study Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-0631, United States of America. https://blogs.mat.ucm.es/ catedramdeguzman/las-matematicasante- el-cambio-de-milenio Science developed within the current of Positivism: experiment and mathematics; Today we know that it’s necessary to work on the object of study of the Social and Human Sciences. Positivism is a useful work, but there is a world that must be developed because we are witnesses of the society of misinformation and hate speech because we are in a world that at first glance seems uneven: we measure a lot, we know a lot about what It is outside of us, but we don’t know who we are and where to walk, hence the great madness of the world in which we live. “Positivism is the philosophical current created by the Frenchman Augusto Comte according to which the positive sciences allow us to objectively know the facts through the laws that they discover. Escobar Valenzuela (2004). How these sciences arise; Comte says that there are three laws for them.

1.- The law of the three states. “The idea of a fundamental law that explains the various facts of nature, history and culture, is common throughout the first fifty or sixty years of the 19th century.” Xirau (2005, p. 360). August Comte finds this law in what he calls the law of the three states. Lora Muñoz, R.H. Positivism- Augusto Comte. https://www.aiu.edu/ spanish/publications/student/spanish/ el-positivismo-augusto-comte.htm What must we do? “The suggestions that can be made regarding positivism and the use of its consequence, the current scientific method: It’s investigating what reality is in the different paradigms of science.

Analyze what we want to investigate and follow the proposal of Martínez Miguélez and that of Prigonine. Martínez Miguélez tells us that we must first see before structuring a research project, what we want: only quantify for the sake of quantifying or do we want an explanation of the phenomenon. He also establishes a difference between the objects of study: physical sciences or social sciences. The objects of social sciences can be work with a triangulation project. It also tells us about interdisciplinarity. The objects and their system are what determine the method and not the other way around. In the case of Prigogine, he says that if we are dealing with certain phenomena, we can do quantifiable research, but in open systems far from equilibrium this is not possible. Both Martínez M. and Prigogine mention that you must see what the object to be investigated is to see the method to use. Lora Muñoz, R.H. Positivism- Augusto Comte. https:// www.aiu.edu/spanish/publications/ student/spanish/el-positivismo-augusto- comte.htm The world of mathematics is so special that the bibliography that appears develops its models, but not the research that was done on this science; It’s a field that is not very publishable. You are doing your program at Atlantic International University; Work seeking to demonstrate and don’t suggest that there must be mathematics for your research to be extraordinary. Seek the truth in the field that the object indicates to you. Work and don’t be afraid! Don’t inherit the fear that of mathematics!

BIBLIOGRAPHY. Genios de las Matemáticas. https://www.geniosmatematicas. com.pe/ | Griffiths, Phillip. Institute for Advanced Study. Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540-0631, EUA. https://blogs.mat.ucm. es/catedramdeguzman/las-matematicas-ante-el-cambio-de-milenio/ | Lora Muñoz, R.H. El Positivismo- Augusto Comte. https://www.aiu.edu/ spanish/publications/student/spanish/el-positivismo-augusto-comte.htm | Newman, J.R. 1997. Sigma, El mundo de las Matemáticas. España. Grijalbo. volumen 1 de 6. | Poincaré, H. Henri Poincaré- Filosofía de la Ciencia. México. 2019. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. | UNAM- teoría de la relatividad general de Albert Einstein https://unamglobal.unam.mx/global_revista/105-anos-de-la-teoria-de-larelatividad- general-de-albert-einstein/

Social workers’ interventionist role in depression cases among public sector retirees in Nigeria

Friday Imoluamen | Doctor of Social Work | Part 2/2

3. Methodology The study is purely qualitative in nature, but a comparative review approach was adopted to address the key concepts of depression and retirement. Besides a review of studies by non-Nigeria researchers, the study was designed essentially to compare the views and findings of Nigerian researchers on depression among retirees, the ultimate objective of which was to establish the efficacy of social workers’ interventionist role. In order to select relevant study papers, the following key words were used as search parameters: social workers; depression among retirees; Nigeria; retirement; and retirees in Nigeria. The period of study covered is 2017-2022.

Rationale for Choice of the Period 2017-2022 The 6-year period (2017- 2022) was characterized by traumatic events for thousands of Nigerians. There was rampant loss of jobs to organizational downsizing and mergers consequent upon economic crisis. The level of poverty in Nigeria rose phenomenally, prompting the stigmatization of Nigeria as a poor country in league with India among others, in spite of the country’s endowment with natural resources (Dada, 2023). Inflation rose almost uncontrollably, resulting in high cost of living for many Nigerians. In addition, the emergence of Covid- 19 in late 2019, spreading into 2020 and compelling the shut-down of economic activities further increased hardship, stress and deaths (Owolabi, 2022). Covid-19 created grave health concern for retirees and other members of the society (Erigbe, 2020). Within the period in question, insecurity was a rampant feature in the Nigerian society, causing anxiety, fear of loss of life and instability among several families. Considering the events of the last 6 years, and the perceived causal relationship they might have with depression, an investigative review of research papers on depression in Nigeria should be illuminating. A major reason for relying on studies conducted by Nigerian researchers in the 6-year period selected is that Nigerian researchers understand the complexity of the socioeconomic environment, culture and bureaucratic intricacies in the public sector work space. Consequently, their studies should be revealing. The foregoing motivated reference to the 6-year period.

4. Analysis and discussion of results Based on the selection of five (5) studies with copious reference to retirees and depression in Nigeria, Table 1 was drawn as shown below [NEXT PAGE]. A total of 14 research papers were accessed using the word parameters highlighted in the methodology section. 9 papers were excluded on account of falling outside the 2017-2022 range and non-coverage of the following key words: depression; retirees in Nigeria; social work or social workers; and intervention. Only 5 papers were finally selected for the study, having met the criteria. Results from all the research papers involved in the study were focused on retirees. All the papers found a significant degree of depression impact on Nigerian retirees. This is in consonance with a preponderance of findings on depression impact on retirees and the elderly in other climes (Dang et al., 2022; Chevuru & Chiyaka, 2019; Salami, 2015). Two of the five studies confirmed the severity of depression among Nigerian retirees. One study found depression to relate to retirees’ age and gender, but there was no clear-cut gender dichotomy in the results. The result could have identified specifically whether the male gender or female gender is more vulnerable to depression.

Two other studies highlighted the prevalence of depression among Nigerian retirees. This finding validates empirical evidence in Mokuolu (2016) and Akinyi (2020). Only one study addressed retirement planning, and found that retirees are vulnerable to depression without pre-retirement planning. Results in the study are in agreement with Abdulkadir et al. (2018). Study methodologies differ and tend to exact some impact on the dimension of results. Two of the studies this investigation adopted crosssectional approach; two others applied survey design while only one adopted a conceptual/ thematic approach. In spite of the relevance and strength of any methodology, there is usually an element of associated-weakness (Oboh & Ihedigbo, 2014; Taherdoost, 2022). This is evident in each of each of the methodologies engaged in the studies. Moreover, the sample size in each study is at variance. Each of the five studies was conducted in a different zone within the Nigerian geographical space. It is therefore plausible to assert that the socio-economic background and cultural cum religious inclinations of sample members must have had influence on their response (Saunders, Lewis &Thornhill, 2019). Furthermore, there data differences among the studies observed. All the studies employed primary data, and no reference was made to secondary data. Only one study applied econometric approach while three others employed descriptive statistics.

Given the liberty to replicate the five studies, use of secondary data and more robust statistical tools may generate new results somewhat different from the existing results. Nevertheless, results from the five studies describe the experience of Nigerian public sector retirees, and indeed validate the causes and impact of depression on retirees in the Nigerian society (Mokuolu, 2016; Olusegun, 2022). A plausible summary of the results from the five studies under analysis is the devastating prevalence of depression among majority of Nigerian retirees from the public sector. None of the studies made any significant reference to social workers, implying that social workers’ role and recognition in the Nigerian space are still at a low ebb. In spite of the professional skills and knowledge of social workers, their engagement to handle depressed retirees had no prominent attention in the five studies. This only suggests that retirees with depression issues hardly consult social workers. When retirees with a chronic case of depression consult medical doctors, management follow-up on such cases may involve referring the patient to social workers for therapeutic attention.

5. Conclusion and recommendations Findings from the study provide insight into gaps in the existing empirical literature on depression among retirees in Nigeria. Such literature cannot be limited to the public establishments only. Retirement management and the life pattern of retirees from the private sector are also sources of further research. Depression is a recurrent feature in every society and its management determines how patients can regain stable wellbeing. For public sector retirees in Nigeria, depression is a critical problem. Several professionals are stakeholders in the process of prevention and management of depression, each having a technical role to play. This study has assessed the extent to which social workers are engaged in stemming depression among retirees. Evidence from the analysis of recent studies on depression and retirees shows that social workers are hardly engaged. The role of social workers is not given any significant prominence in Nigeria’s socio-health care system.

It would imply that social workers are remote to retirees and depression cases. In the light of findings in the study, immediate and future actions can facilitate social workers’ engagement in depression cases among retirees. What follows is a series of recommendations. In the current dispensation of knowledge explosion by technological means, the community of social workers needs to engage public enlightenment to publicize the services of the profession and its benefits to both society and humanity. Social workers of the Nigerian stock need to engage in more scientific research, delving into the social problems that characterize Nigeria’s socio-cultural and socio-economic environment. Public enlightenment on depression is expedient to which public health agencies can frontal attention. Social workers in Nigeria need to be more engaging in the public space. Nevertheless, fresh studies need to be conducted, linking social workers and retirees in Nigeria. It is expedient to introduce prospective retirees to social workers at pre-retirement and counseling sessions to acquaint them with the services of professional social workers. THE END

REFERENCES. Abdulkadir, A., Rasaq, A. O. & Isiaka, G. (2018) Psychological effects of retirement of retirees: Implications for counseling. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 13 (1), 15-22 | Abraham, E. O. (2017) Working with social workers. Journal of Community Sociology 3 (2), 45 65 | Adetunde, C.O., Imhonopi, D., George, T.O. & Derby, C.N. (2016) Socio-economic adjustment among retired civil servants of Kwara and Lagos States: A theoretical analysis. 3rd International Conference on African Development Issues Ota, Covenant University Press | Ajewole, O.M. (2017) Depression and social support among the elderly patients attending general outpatient clinic in Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria. Dissertation, Department of Family Medicine, National Post Graduate Medical College of Nigeria | Akinyi, O.J. (2020) Selected factors influencing adjustment of retirees: A case of Ministry of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Nairobi County. M.A. Thesis (Counseling Psychology, Kenya Methodist University. www.scholar.google.com Accessed April 14, 2023 | Akpan, J.J. (2021) Retirement planning and socio-economic wellbeing of retirees in Nigeria: A study of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research 6 (5), 51-65 | Ambrosino, R., Amrosino, R., Heffernan, J. & Shuttlesworth, G. (2008) Social work and social welfare: An introduction 6th ed. Belmont, Thomson Higher Education | Azusa Pacific University (n.d.) What does a social worker do? http://www.apu.edu/bas/socialwork/bsw/ Accessed April 26, 2023 | Cheruvu, V. K. & Chiyaka, E. T. (2019) Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults who reported medical cost of a barrier to seeking health care: Findings from a nationally representative sample. BMC Geriatics 19 (1), 1-10.doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1203-2 | Collins, D. V. (2020) Tropical disease prevention and cultural impediments. Eastern Journal of Tropical Medicine 4 (1), 198-208 | Dada, J.D. (2023) Cashless Economy: Evaluation and Execution in Nigeria Lagos, Danobish Creative Prints | Dang, L., Ananthasubramaniam, A. & Mezuk, B. (2022) Spotlight on the challenges of depression following retirement and opportunities for interventions. Clinical Interventions in Aging 17:1037-1056. Doi:10.2147/CIA.s336301 | Ejeh, V. J., Igbokwe, C.C. & Onoja, H.N. (2020) Determination of depression, anxiety and stress among retirees in Kogi State, Nigeria, and preventive strategies. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development 8 (3), 62- 74 | Ejeh, V. J., Achor, E. E. & Ejeh, E. E. (2019) An examination of associated factors of emotional health problems among retirees in Kogi State, Nigeria. South Asian Research Journal of Nursing and Healthcare 1 (1), 34-44 | Erigbe, P. (2020) Virtualization of human resource management activities: A post COVID-19 review of selected Nigerian quoted companies. 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(2017) Social welfare scheme: A neglected component of public health care services in Nigeria. MOJ Public Health 5 (3), 101-104 | Olusegun, M. T. (2022) Investigating post-retirement challenges among the older retirees in Ikotun-Alimosho Community, Lagos State, Nigeria. Benin Journal of Social Work and Community Development 4, 1-11 | Otakpo, C., John-Nelson, I. & Wike, O. (2020) Problems and consequences for retirement: Implications for counseling. International Journal of Innovative Social Sciences & Humanities Research 8 (4), 98-104 | Owolabi, A. (2022) Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on the tourism industry. Seminar paper, Department of Tourism Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos | Salami, K.K (2015) Ex-servicemen and the life courses of retirement in Ibadan, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 12 (1). Doi:10.36108?NJSA/4102/12/0141 | Sanchez, W. (2018) Social work and models of operation. 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(2022) A study of the effect of retirement on depression among female workers: Empirical evidence from China. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs 2164880/v/ Accessed March 17, 2023

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Open access

Japan will allocate ¥10 billion to make its science free to read.

The Japanese government is pushing ahead with a plan to make Japan’s publicly funded research output free to read. In June, the science ministry will assign funding to universities to build the infrastructure needed to make research papers free to read on a national scale. The move follows the ministry’s announcement in February that researchers who receive government funding will be required to make their papers freely available to read on the institutional repositories from April 2025. The Japanese plan “is expected to enhance the long-term traceability of research information, facilitate secondary research and promote collaboration”, says Kazuki Ide, a health-sciences and public-policy scholar at Osaka University in Suita, Japan, who has written about open access in Japan. The nation is one of the first Asian countries to make notable advances towards making more research open access (OA) and among the first countries in the world to forge a nationwide plan for OA. ... Among the roughly 800 universities in Japan, more than 750 already have an institutional repository, says Shimasaki Seiichi, director of the Space Development and Utilization Division at MEXT in Tokyo, who was involved with drawing up the plan. Each university will host the research produced by its academics, but the underlying software will be the same. Japan’s move to greater access to its research is focusing on ‘green OA’ ... Read full text:

Google leak

It reveals multiple privacy and security errors.

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MDMA

The case for its approval is riddled with problems.

Only two drugs are formally approved for post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, and they don’t help everyone. A lack of effective treatment options has led some patients to seek out the psychedelic drug MDMA, also known as ecstasy, to help relieve their symptoms when traditional medications and therapy don’t work. In the US, momentum has been growing to legalize MDMA and other psychedelics. Lykos Therapeutics, which has been testing MDMA alongside psychotherapy in clinical trials for years, had a chance this week to prove that the combination is effective at treating PTSD. But at a June 4 meeting, a panel of advisers to the US Food and Drug Administration overwhelmingly voted that there wasn’t enough evidence to recommend its approval. Just two of the 11 committee members were convinced that the treatment was effective, and only one said its benefits outweighed the risks. ... The US has yet to approve a psychedelic drug for medical use, so a green light from the agency would represent a major milestone for a class of drugs that has been banned since the 1970s. But now that approval is anything but certain. “I absolutely agree that we need new and better treatments for PTSD,” said committee member Paul Holtzheimer ... Advocates of MDMAassisted therapy were crushed by the recommendation. ...
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Buronius m.

New species of great ape is the smallest ever found.

Anthropologists recently identified two fossilized teeth and a single kneecap that appear to belong to a never-before-seen species of great ape: Buronius manfredschmi. With an estimated weight of just 10 kilograms (22 pounds) —about the weight of an extremely chonky cat— the new-found species is the smallest great ape to be identified. The remains were unearthed at the Hammerschmiede clay pit in southeast Germany at a layer dated to the late Miocene Epoch, around 11.6 million years ago. The tiny ape wasn’t the only hominid (great ape) to live here during this period. Between 2015 and 2018, researchers digging at the Hammerschmiede fossil site discovered the remains of Danuvius guggenmosi, another species of great ape that walked on two legs. Judging by their size difference, the researchers believe these two apes led very different lifestyles. The kneecap and teeth of Buronius suggest they were skilled tree climbers that ate a diet of soft foods such as leaves, while Danuvius had a surprisingly upright posture, suggesting it spent most of its time on the ground. By occupying different niches, the two species were able to share a habitat without directly competing for resources, much like the relationship between the modern gibbons and orangutans that share habitats in Borneo and Sumatra. ... Read full text

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New concrete

Recycled low-carbon

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EV by Roth Architecture

Ideal for navigating narrow Tulum roads

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Seeing AI

Now for Android

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Female doctors

Their patients have a lower risk of death or serious complications.

Having a female doctor could lower the risk of death or major health issues after surgery or hospitalization, studies have shown over and over. The latest evidence, published in the British Journal of Surgery, finds that surgical teams with more women see fewer health complications among patients than male-dominated teams. The study compared hospitals in Canada where female surgeons and anesthesiologists made up more than 35% of the surgical teams to hospitals with a smaller share of female doctors. Higher levels of gender diversity were associated with a 3% lower chance of serious health complications for patients within three months of a major, non-emergency surgery. The findings are based on an analysis of more than 700,000 procedures at 88 hospitals in Ontario between 2009 and 2019. A handful of studies over the last decade have similarly shown that female doctors have better patient outcomes. ... There may be several reasons for the trend: Female doctors tend to have longer visits with patients than their male colleagues do, and to interrupt them less often. In theory, this extra communication could lead to more accurate diagnoses and treatments or ensure that medical complications aren't missed or ignored. Research also suggests that female doctors are more likely to give preventive care, adhere to clinical guidelines and engage in shared decision- making with patients. ... Read full text

Global health

Disease risk factors such as hypertension are on the rise.

A new study published in The Lancet reports there’s been a significant increase worldwide in people experiencing disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol, and high body mass index (BMI). The latest findings from The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) unveiled new insights into health challenges and what’s driving them. Those factors are associated with metabolism and include high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body mass index (BMI), high LDL cholesterol, and kidney dysfunction. All demonstrate what researchers call “the consequences of an aging population and changing lifestyles on a global scale.” According to the study —done by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington— the world experienced a 49% increase in the number of global DALYs, or disability-adjusted life years (lost years of healthy life due to poor health and early death), attributable to metabolism-related risk factors between 2000 and 2021. Researchers reported that poor health in people 15 to 49 years old was increasingly attributable to a high BMI and high FPG —also known as high blood sugar— that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Other metabolic risk factors, such as high LDL cholesterol and SBP, landed in the top 10 risk factors for ... Read full text:

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The kid question

Climate crisis is affecting Millennials and Gen Zer’s decision to have children.

Young people are worried about heat waves, intense storms, fires, and clean air. The ever-changing climate crisis is reaching a turning point for them, so much that they are asking themselves whether to have children. Climate Anxiety and the Kid Question, authored by Jade S. Sasser (University of California, Riverside), provides readers a view of what young people —in particular young Black and Latinx people— are facing when deciding whether they want to become parents. “People of color were considerably more likely than white people to take climate change into their future reproductive plans and to plan to have fewer children as a result,” Sasser wrote in the book. Part of Sasser’s research is a national survey with 2,521 respondents between the ages of 22 and 35. About half of the respondents were people of color, the rest were white. Sasser spent time interviewing dozens of people and analyzing social activist campaigns online. Social inequality played a role throughout. Sasser said most of the research and the few books that exist on climate emotions reflect “eco-anxiety” focused on the experiences of young, white, middleclass people, largely omitting Black and brown experiences despite their communities being hit harder by climate impacts. She urges conversations to make better decisions about the future of the planet. “Specifically, it can inspire us to become more deeply invested in creating the future we’d like to live in ... Read full text:

Far-right in the EU

...attacks environmental, climate and clean energy policies.

In 2019, when the European Union’s 27 member states last went to the polls to choose a parliament for the continent, youth-led climate activism was cresting. Hundreds of thousands of people marching in the streets of Berlin, Brussels, London, Paris and Vienna during the campaigning helped turn the EU parliamentary election into a referendum on climate action and preserving nature. That strong grassroots support for pro-environment candidates and parties propelled the European Green Deal, as well as ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors to net zero by 2050 and a sweeping nature restoration law that requires member states to repair damaged ecosystems. But five years later, as Europeans again go to the polls, an anti-environment backlash largely orchestrated and financed by fossil fuel companies and related industries is threatening some of those policies. Polls suggest that populist, rightwing and nationalistic parties seeking to slow climate action will win more seats in the June 6-9 election of the next 705-member EU parliament, which could slow their implementation. A solid far-right majority in the EU Parliament could “open a floodgate for really, really bad things,” said Ariel Brunner, director of the nonprofit conservation group BirdLife Europe. “That needs to be clear to everyone.” ... Read full text:

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Children under 5

A quarter of them have severe food poverty.

KALTUNGO, Nigeria (AP) — ... Here in northern Nigeria, where conflict and climate change have long contributed to the problem, Dorcas Simon’s twins are among 181 million children under 5 —or 27% of the world’s youngest children— who live in severe food poverty, according to a new report by the UN’s children agency. The report, which focused on nearly 100 low- and middle-income countries, defines severe food poverty as consuming nothing in a day or, at best, two out of eight food groups the agency recognizes. Africa’s population of more than 1.3 billion people is one of the most affected mainly due to conflict, climate crises and rising food prices. The continent accounts for one-third of the global burden and 13 of the 20 most affected countries. But it has also recorded some progress, the report said. The percentage of children living in severe food poverty in West and Central Africa fell from 42% to 32% over the last decade, it said, noting advances including diversified crops and performance-based incentives for health workers. In the absence of vital nutrients, children living with “extremely poor” diets are more likely to experience wasting, a life-threatening form of malnutrition, the agency known as UNICEF said. “When wasting becomes very severe, they are 12 times more likely to die,” Harriet Torlesse, one of the report’s authors, told The Associated Press. ... Read full text:

Guatemala

The benefits of circular migration.

With an H-2A visa for agricultural workers, Arnoldo Chile has been back-and-forth to the United States since 2016. Every year, he spends eight months in California, where he works in the logistics of an agri-food company, and four months in Guatemala, where he takes care of the blackberry field he bought with his remittances. In the village of Rancho Alegre, Sumpango, Roselia Canel looks out the window of her room while embroidering a güipil. She thinks that she will soon have enough money to build a fashion workshop on the land she has just purchased. On the outskirts of the city, Juan Pacache and his wife are spreading fertilizer on their snow pea plantation, while, 15 kilometers away, in Santiago Sacatepéquez, Vilma Lemus is serving the last customers of the day at her fruit and vegetable stall. ... Chile, Pacache, Canel, and Lemus are some of the many Central Americans who are forced to emigrate to the US for economic reasons, but among the few who have had the opportunity to do so on a regular basis. “Having a visa is a lifesaver because you are not forced to travel with human traffickers nor get yourself into debt,” Chile explains. ... Chile and the others have these documents thanks to a program to send temporary agricultural workers from the Cuatro Pinos Cooperative. According to the US Department of Homeland Security, around 9,000 people from Guatemala traveled to the US with a temporary work contract in 2022. ...
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Egg-laying hens

This charity gives them a brighter future.

Commercial hens start laying eggs when they are about four months old. By 18 months, their output declines and they are typically sent to slaughter. Keen to rescue them from this fate and give them a better life, the British Hen Welfare Trust (BHWT) works to rehome chickens across the UK. The charity started in 2005 with the modest goal of rehoming 100 hens. To date, it has rehomed nearly 1 million of them. The Devon-based charity now works with commercial egg farmers around the UK, who give up their hens once their laying capabilities start to decline. “The farmers give us their hens to rehome because they want a nicer life for them —they want them to go on and have a free-range retirement,” explains Francesca Mapp, BHWT’s marketing consultant. The alternative would usually be to send the hens to slaughter for pet food or low-grade meat products, as they are not the same breed of chicken typically used for human consumption. The charity distributes rescued hens to 46 pop-up, volunteer-run rehoming points across the UK, with each bird travelling no more than one hour from its farm. “What’s brilliant about chickens is they’re not just a pet. You actually get something in return,” says Julia Davies. “It’s a really great way of getting cruelty-free eggs.” A flock of three or four hens (BHWT rehomes them in groups) will typically provide their new owner with “a couple of eggs a day for breakfast” ...
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Animal welfare

More persuasive than environmental credentials.

The emotive power of animal welfare is more likely to make people eat sustainably, than low-carbon footprints and other environmental credentials that foods boast on their labeling, a new study has found. The analysis, published in Food Quality and Preference, aimed to drill down into the factors that drive people towards more sustainable dairy and meat products on grocery store shelves. And ironically, they’ve found, the answer isn’t telling people when foods are more sustainable. The surprising finding is drawn from an online survey provided to over 3,000 people, who were spread across the UK, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and Czechia. The researchers asked these participants to rank 18 attributes on a scale of 1 to 5. The attributes ranged across themes relating to the taste, quality, and freshness of a product, its carbon footprint, fair trade ratings, and whether it was free range and pasture-fed. The team found striking agreement across all five countries, that the most important qualities driving their purchasing choices were the freshness, quality/taste, and animal welfare credentials of a particular food. Environmental sustainability, overall, ranked lower in the pile. This means that consumers are more likely to buy dairy or meat if it advertises that it’s pasture-fed or free-range, than if it says it’s organic, uses sustainable packaging, is produced locally, has a lower carbon footprint, or reduced food miles. ...
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How Schrödinger’s cat got famous

By Robert P Crease

The world’s most famous cat seems to be everywhere —and nowhere. It appears on cartoons, T-shirts, board games, puzzle boxes, and glow-in-the-dark coffee cups. There’s even a gin named after the celebrity animal— boasting “a strong backbone of juniper.”. But its origin story is almost as mysterious as the scientific principle it was enlisted to illustrate. While Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger concocted the conceit of the cat, he was not the one who popularized it. The fictitious animal only really entered wider public consciousness after American science-fiction and fantasy writer Ursula K. Le Guin published a short story called “Schrödinger’s Cat,” 50 years ago. It was just one of dozens of works published by Le Guin, who died in 2018 after a long and celebrated career. Schrödinger originally invented the cat image as a gag.

If true believers in quantum mechanics are right that the microworld’s uncertainties are dispelled only when we observe it, Schrödinger felt, this must also sometimes happen in the macroworld, an absurdity that violates common sense. Writing in a paper published in 1935 in the German-language journal Naturwissenschaften, he presented his famous cat-in-abox image to demonstrate just how foolish this notion was. For a while, few paid attention. According to an Ngram search of Google Books carried out by Steven French, a philosopher of science at the University of Leeds, there were no citations of the phrase “Schrödinger’s cat” in the literature for almost 20 years. As French describes in his 2023 book, A Phenomenological Approach to Quantum Mechanics, the first reference appeared in a footnote to an essay by the Austrian philosopher Paul Feyerabend in the 1957 book Observation and Interpretation in the Philosophy of Physics. The American philosopher and logician Hilary Putnam first learned of Schrödinger’s cat around 1960. “I always assumed the physics community was familiar with the idea,” Putnam later recalled, but he found few who were. In his 1965 paper “A philosopher looks at quantum mechanics,” Putnam called it “absurd” to say that human observers determine what exists. But he was unable to refute the idea. Invoking Schrödinger’s image, Putnam found that we are indeed unable to say, “that the cat is either alive or dead, or for that matter that the cat is even a cat, as long as no one is looking.” Putnam had another worry, too. Quantum formalism required that if he looked at a quantum event, it would throw him into superposition, the limbo of being in various states at the same time. Putnam concluded at the time that, “no satisfactory interpretation of quantum mechanics exists today.”

It was another decade before the cat and its bizarre implications leapt into popular culture. In 1974 Le Guin published The Dispossessed, an award-winning book about a physicist whose new, relativistic theory of time draws him into the politics of the pacifist-anarchist society in which he lived. According to author Julie Phillips, who is writing a biography of the fantasy writer, Le Guin read up on relativity theory to help her make her character’s “theory of simultaneity” sound plausible.

“My best guess,” Phillips wrote in an email to me, “is that she discovered Schrödinger’s cat while doing research for the novel.” Le Guin, it appears, seems to have read Putnam’s article around 1972. “The Cat & the apparatus exist, & will be in State 0 or State 1, IF somebody looks,” Le Guin wrote in a note to herself. “But if he doesn’t look, we can’t say they’re in State 0, or State 1, or in fact exist at all.” Unlike Putnam, Le Guin was entranced by the implied uncertainties and appreciated the fantastic nature of Schrödinger’s image. “If we can say nothing about the definite values of micro-observables, when not measuring them, except that they exist, then their existence depends on our observation & measurement,” she wrote in her notes. In “Schrödinger’s Cat,” which Le Guin finished in September 1972 but didn’t publish for another two years, an unnamed narrator senses that “things appear to be coming to some sort of climax.” A yellow cat appears. The narrator grieves but doesn’t know why. Amusical note makes her want to cry but she doesn’t know for what —and thinks the cat knows but is unable to tell her. She then remembers Michelangelo’s painting The Last Judgment, of a man dragged down to hell who clamps a hand over one eye in horror but keeps the other eye open and clear. The doorbell rings and in walks Rover, a dog.

Rover pulls a box out of his knapsack with a quantummechanical gadget that will either shoot or not shoot the cat once it gets inside and the lid is closed. Before we open the lid, Rover says, the cat is neither dead nor alive. “So it is beautifully demonstrated that if you desire certainty, any certainty, you must create it yourself.” The narrator is not sure. Don’t we ourselves get “included in the system,” aren’t we still inside an even bigger box? She’s reminded of the Greek legend of Pandora, who opens her box and lets out all its evil contents. She and Rover open the lid —but find the box empty. The house roof flies off “just like the lid of a box” and “the unconscionable, inordinate light of the stars” shines down. The narrator finally identifies the musical note, whose tone has become much clearer now that the stars are visible. The narrator wonders whether the cat knows what it was they had lost.

Le Guin’s story was soon followed by fictional and non-fictional treatments of quantum mechanics by other writers in which Schrödinger’s cat is a major figure. Examples include Robert Anton Wilson’s Schrödinger’s Cat Trilogy; H.R. McGregor’s Schrödinger’s Baby: A Novel; Adam Felber’s Schrödinger’s Ball: A Novel; Ryan Boudinot’s Blueprints of the Afterlife. There have also been a number of short stories including F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre’s “Schrödinger’s Cat-Sitter” from 2001. Phillips calls Le Guin’s “Schrödinger’s Cat” a “slight, playful story with an undercurrent of sorrow,” and warned me not to overthink it. “You could think of it as ‘a fantasy writer looks at quantum mechanics,’” she explained, adding that Le Guin wrote in her journal that fantasy as a genre and physics as a science are approaches to reality that reject common sense. “I think,” Phillips concluded, “she may have been playing around with her sense, at that moment, that physics was another way of expressing the fantastic.” If so, Le Guin certainly found the right image.

Read full text by Robert P. Crease at Physics World:

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Ambient Weather WS-2902.

This personal Wi-Fi weather station allows you to monitor indoor and outdoor conditions, including wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, UV, solar radiation, barometric pressure, temperature (F and C), humidity, dew point, heat index and wind chill. ambientweather.com

Swell coat rack & wall organizer.

Hang your coats, scarves, and hats on the sturdy hooks, while the catchall tray conveniently stores your keys, wallets, and small essentials. store.moma.org

Plant terrarium.

A living work of art that is maintenance-free with stylish built-in lighting. This gift exudes ease and durability, perfect for symbolizing growth and flourishing in any relationship. www.greengifts.nl

Byung-Chul Han (1959 –).

“Now, under the neoliberal regime of auto-exploitation, people are turning their aggression against themselves. This auto-aggressivity means that the exploited are not inclined to revolution so much as depression.”

Byung-Chul Han (1959 –). South Korean-born philosopher and cultural theorist living in Germany. Author of The Burnout Society

32oN WHARTON glasses.

Equipped with Deep Optics’ novel and patented Liquid Crystal tunable lens technology. This allows dynamic focus changing from 0 to 2.5 diopters with a 0.25D precision. The app can update glasses prescription whenever it changes. 32northglasses.com

Say what?

“I made a huge to-do list today. I just need to figure out who’s going to do it.”
Source: 100 Funny sayings that are definitely worth memorizing. www.rd.com

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in Theology

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN STUDIES

The Bachelor of Theology (BA) program objective is to help students who are planning to invest their lives in church or mission vocations to achieve the desired level of knowledge through biblical and theological studies. The Bachelor of Theology (BA) program is offered online via distance learning. After evaluating both academic record and life experience, AIU staff working in conjunction with Faculty and Academic Advisors will assist students in setting up a custom-made program, designed on an individual basis. This flexibility to meet student needs is seldom found in other distance learning programs. Our online program does not require all students to take the same subjects/courses, use the same books, or learning materials. Instead, the online Bachelor of Theology (BA) curriculum is designed individually by the student and academic advisor. It specifically addresses strengths and weaknesses with respect to market opportunities in the student’s major and intended field of work. Understanding that industry and geographic factors should influence the content of the curriculum instead of a standardized one-fits-all design is the hallmark of AIU’s unique approach to adult education. This philosophy addresses the dynamic and constantly changing environment of working professionals by helping adult students in reaching their professional and personal goals within the scope of the degree program.

Important:

Below is an example of the topics or areas you may develop and work on during your studies. By no means is it a complete or required list as AIU programs do not follow a standardized curriculum. It is meant solely as a reference point and example. Want to learn more about the curriculum design at AIU? Go ahead and visit our website, especially the Course and Curriculum section: https://www.aiu.edu/ academic-freedom-and-open-curriculum/

Orientation Courses:

Communication & Investigation (Comprehensive Resume)
Organization Theory (Portfolio)
Experiential Learning (Autobiography)
Academic Evaluation (Questionnaire)
Fundament of Knowledge (Integration Chart)
Fundamental Principles I (Philosophy of Education)
Professional Evaluation (Self Evaluation Matrix)
Development of Graduate Study (Guarantee of an Academic Degree)

Core Courses and Topics

Introduction to Theology
Biblical Studies
Church History
Systematic Theology
Ethics and Morality
Comparative Religion
Philosophy of Religion
Pastoral Care and Counseling
Homiletics
Church Leadership
and Administration
Liturgical Studies
Mission and Evangelism
Understanding the Bible
Dynamics of World Religion
Hebrew Script Post Bible Judaism
The Church
Understanding of Faith
Christian Sacraments
Contemporary Religious Education
Women in the Church
Theology of the Liturgy

Research Project

Bachelor Thesis Project
MBM300 Thesis Proposal
MBM302 Bachelor Thesis (5,000 words)

Publication

Each graduate is encouraged to publish their research papers either online in the public domain or through professional journals and periodicals worldwide.

Contact us to get started

Submit your Online Application, paste your resume and any additional comments/ questions in the area provided.

aiu.edu/apply-online.html

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800-993-0066 (Toll Free in US)
808-924-9567 (Internationally)

Accreditation

Atlantic International University offers distance learning degree programs for adult learners at bachelors, masters, and doctoral level. With self paced program taken online, AIU lifts the obstacles that keep professional adults from completing their educational goals. Programs are available throughout a wide range of majors and areas of study. All of this with a philosophically holistic approach towards education fitting within the balance of your life and acknowledging the key role each individual can play in their community, country, and the world.

Atlantic International University is accredited by the Accreditation Service for International Schools, Colleges and Universities (ASIC). ASIC Accreditation is an internationally renowned quality standard for colleges and universities. Visit ASIC’s Directory of Accredited Colleges and Universities. ASIC is a member of CHEA International Quality Group (CIQG) in the USA, an approved accreditation body by the Ministerial Department of the Home Office in the UK, and is listed in the International Directory of the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). The University is based in the United States and was established by corporate charter in 1998.

Our founding principles are based on the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights; per article 26, AIU believes that Higher Education is a Human Right. The University has implemented a paradigm shifting educational model for its academic programs that have allowed it to move closer to this goal through the self-empowerment of its students, decentralization of the learning process, personalized open curriculum design, a sustainable learning model, developing 11 core elements of the Human Condition within MYAIU, and utilizing the quasi-infinite knowledge through the use of information technology combined with our own capacity to find solutions to all types of global issues, dynamic problems, and those of individuals and multidisciplinary teams. Due to these differentiations and the university’s mission, only a reputable accrediting agency with the vision and plasticity to integrate and adapt its processes around AIU’s proven and successful innovative programs could be selected. Unfortunately, the vast majority of accrediting agencies adhere to and follow obsolete processes and requirements that have outlived their usefulness and are in direct conflict with the university’s mission of offering a unique, dynamic, affordable, quality higher education to the nontraditional student (one who must work, study what he really needs for professional advancement, attend family issues, etc.). We believe that adopting outdated requirements and processes would impose increased financial burdens on students while severely limiting their opportunities to earn their degree and advance in all aspects. Thus, in selecting the ASIC as its accrediting agency, AIU ensured that its unique programs would not be transformed into a copy or clone of those offered by the 10,000+ colleges and universities around the world. Since ASIC is an international accrediting agency based outside the United States, we are required by statute HRS446E to place the following disclaimer: ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY IS NOT ACCREDITED BY AN ACCREDITING AGENCY RECOGNIZED BY THE UNITED STATES SECRETARY OF EDUCATION. Note: In the United States and abroad, many licensing authorities require accredited degrees as the basis for eligibility for licensing.

In some cases, accredited colleges may not accept for transfer courses and degrees completed at unaccredited colleges, and some employers may require an accredited degree as a basis for eligibility for employment. Potential students should consider how the above may affect their interests, AIU respects the unique rules and regulations of each country and does not seek to influence the respective authorities. In the event that a prospective student wishes to carry out any government review or process in regards to his university degree, we recommend that the requirements of such are explored in detail with the relevant authorities by the prospective student as the university does not intervene in such processes. AIU students can be found in over 180 countries, they actively participate and volunteer in their communities as part of their academic program and have allocated thousands of service hours to diverse causes and initiatives. AIU programs follow the standards commonly used by colleges and universities in the United States with regards to the following: academic program structure, degree issued, transcript, and other graduation documents. AIU graduation documents can include an apostille and authentication from the US Department of State to facilitate their use internationally.

The AIU Difference

It is acknowledged that the act of learning is endogenous, (from within), rather than exogenous.

This fact is the underlying rationale for “Distance Learning”, in all of the programs offered by AIU. The combination of the underlying principles of student “self instruction”, (with guidance), collaborative development of curriculum unique to each student, and flexibility of time and place of study, provides the ideal learning environment to satisfy individual needs.

AIU is an institution of experiential learning and nontraditional education at a distance. There are no classrooms and attendance is not required.

Mission & Vision

MISSION:

To be a higher learning institution concerned about generating cultural development alternatives likely to be sustained in order to lead to a more efficient administration of the world village and its environment; exerting human and community rights through diversity with the ultimate goal of the satisfaction and evolution of the world.

VISION:

The empowerment of the individual towards the convergence of the world through a sustainable educational design based on andragogy and omniology.

Organizational Structure

Dr. Franklin Valcin Presi den t/Academic Dean	Dr. José Mercado Chief Executive Officer Chairman of the Board of Trustees	Ricardo González, PhD Provost

Dr. Ricardo Gonzalez Chief Operation Officer and MKT Director	Linda Collazo Logistics Coordinator	AIU Tutors Coordinators: Deborah Rodriguez Amiakhor Ejaeta Amanda Gutierrez William Mora Miriam James Admissions Coordinators: Amalia Aldrett Sandra Garcia Junko Shimizu Veronica Amuz Alba Ochoa Jenis Garcia Judith Brown Chris Soto René Cordón Dr. Anderas Rissler Academic Coordinators: Dr. Adesida Oluwafemi Dr. Emmanuel Gbagu Dr. Lucia Gorea Dr. Edgar Colon Dr. Mario Rios Freddy Frejus Dr. Nilani Ljunggren De Silva Dr. Scott Wilson Dr. Mohammad Shaidul Islam

Dr. Miriam Garibaldi Vice provost for Research	Carolina Valdes Human Resource Coordinator

Dr. Ofelia Miller Director of AIU	Carlos Aponte Teleco mmunications Coordinator

Clara Margalef Director of Special Projects of AIU	David Jung Corporate/Legal Counsel

Juan Pablo Moreno Director of Operations	Bruce Kim Advisor/Consultant

Paula Viera Director of Intelligence Systems	Thomas Kim Corporate/ Accounting Counsel

Felipe Gomez Design Director / IT Supervisor	Maricela Esparza Administrative Coordinator

Kevin Moll Web Designer	Chris Benjamin IT and Hosting Support

Daritza Ysla IT Coordinator	Maria Pastrana Accounting Coordinator

Daritza Ysla IT Coordinator	Roberto Aldrett Communications Coordinator

Nadeem Awan Chief Programming Officer	Giovanni Castillo IT Support

Dr. Edward Lambert Academic Director	Antonella Fonseca Quality Control & Data Analysis

Dr. Ariadna Romero Advisor Coordinator	Adrián Varela Graphic Design

Jhanzaib Awan Senior Programmer	Vanesa D’Angelo Content Writer

Leonardo Salas Human Resource Manager	Jaime Rotlewicz Dean of Admissions

Benjamin Joseph IT and Technology Support	Michael Phillips Registrar’s Office

Rosie Perez Finance Coordinator

FACULTY AND STAFF PAGE: www.aiu.edu/FacultyStaff.html

School of Business and Economics

The School of Business and Economics allows aspiring and practicing professionals, managers, and entrepreneurs in the private and public sectors to complete a self paced distance learning degree program of the highest academic standard. The ultimate goal is to empower learners and help them take advantage of the enormous array of resources from the world environment in order to eliminate the current continuum of poverty and limitations. Degree programs are designed for those students whose professional experience has been in business, marketing, administration, economics, finance and management.

Areas of Study:

Accounting, Advertising, Banking, Business Administration, Communications, Ecommerce, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Home Economics, Human Resources, International Business, International Finance, Investing, Globalization, Marketing, Management, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Public Administrations, Sustainable Development, Public Relations, Telecommunications, Tourism, Trade.

School of Social and Human Studies

The School of Social and Human Studies is focused on to the development of studies which instill a core commitment to building a society based on social and economic justice and enhancing opportunities for human well being. The founding principles lie on the basic right of education as outlined in the Declaration of Human Rights. We instill in our students a sense of confidence and self reliance in their ability to access the vast opportunities available through information channels, the world wide web, private, public, nonprofit, and nongovernmental organizations in an ever expanding global community. Degree programs are aimed towards those whose professional life has been related to social and human behavior, with the arts, or with cultural studies.

Areas of Study:

Psychology, International Affairs, Sociology, Political Sciences, Architecture, Legal Studies, Public Administration, Literature and languages, Art History, Ministry, African Studies, Middle Eastern Studies, Asian Studies, European Studies, Islamic Studies, Religious Studies.

School of Science and Engineering

The School of Science and Engineering seeks to provide dynamic, integrated, and challenging degree programs designed for those whose experience is in industrial research, scientific production, engineering and the general sciences. Our system for research and education will keep us apace with the twenty-first century reach scientific advance in an environmentally and ecologically responsible manner to allow for the sustainability of the human population. We will foster among our students a demand for ethical behavior, an appreciation for diversity, an understanding of scientific investigation, knowledge of design innovation, a critical appreciation for the importance of technology and technological change for the advancement of humanity.

Areas of Study:

Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Communications, Petroleum Science, Information Technology, Telecommunications, Nutrition Science, Agricultural Science, Computer Science, Sports Science, Renewable Energy, Geology, Urban Planning.

Online Library Resources

With access to a global catalog created and maintained collectively by more than 9,000 participating institutions, AIU students have secured excellent research tools for their study programs.

The AIU online library contains over 2 billion records and over 300 million bibliographic records that are increasing day by day. The sources spanning thousands of years and virtually all forms of human expression. There are files of all kinds, from antique inscribed stones to e-books, form wax engravings to MP3s, DVDs and websites. In addition to the archives, the library AIU Online offers electronic access to more than 149,000 e-books, dozens of databases and more than 13 million full-text articles with pictures included. Being able to access 60 databases and 2393 periodicals with more than 18 million items, guarantees the information required to perform the assigned research project. Users will find that many files are enriched with artistic creations on the covers, indexes, reviews, summaries and other information.

The records usually have information attached from important libraries. The user can quickly assess the relevance of the information and decide if it is the right source.

Education on the 21st century

AIU is striving to regain the significance of the concept of education, which is rooted into the Latin “educare”, meaning “to pull out”, breaking loose from the paradigm of most 21st century universities with their focus on “digging and placing information” into students’ heads rather than teaching them to think. For AIU, the generation of “clones” that some traditional universities are spreading throughout the real world is one of the most salient reasons for today’s ills. In fact, students trained at those educational institutions never feel a desire to “change the world” or the current status quo; instead, they adjust to the environment, believe everything is fine, and are proud of it all.

IN A WORLD where knowledge and mostly information expire just like milk, we must reinvent university as a whole in which each student, as the key player, is UNIQUE within an intertwined environment. This century’s university must generate new knowledge bits although this may entail its separation from both the administrative bureaucracy and the faculty that evolve there as well. AIU thinks that a university should be increasingly integrated into the “real world”, society, the economy, and the holistic human being. As such, it should concentrate on its ultimate goal, which is the student, and get him/her deeply immersed into a daily praxis of paradigm shifts, along with the Internet and research, all these being presently accessible only to a small minority of the world community. AIU students must accomplish their self-learning mission while conceptualizing it as the core of daily life values through the type of experiences that lead to a human being’s progress when information is converted into education. The entire AIU family must think of the university as a setting that values diversity and talent in a way that trains mankind not only for the present but above all for a future that calls everyday for professionals who empower themselves in academic and professional areas highly in demand in our modern society. We shall not forget that, at AIU, students are responsible for discovering their own talents and potential, which they must auto-develop in such a way that the whole finish product opens up as a flower that blossoms every year more openly.

THE AIU STANCE is against the idea of the campus as a getaway from day-to-day pressure since we believe reality is the best potential-enhancer ever; one truly learns through thinking, brainstorming ideas, which leads to new solutions, and ultimately the rebirth of a human being fully integrated in a sustainable world environment. Self-learning is actualized more from within than a top-down vantage point, that is to say, to influence instead of requesting, ideas more than power. We need to create a society where solidarity, culture, life, not political or economic rationalism and more than techno structures, are prioritized. In short, the characteristics of AIU students and alumni remain independence, creativity, self-confidence, and ability to take risk towards new endeavors. This is about people’s worth based not on what they know but on what they do with what they know.

AIU Service

AIU offers educational opportunities in the USA to adults from around the world so that they can use their own potential to manage their personal, global cultural development. The foundational axis of our philosophy lies upon self-actualized knowledge and information, with no room for obsoleteness, which is embedded into a DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM based on ANDRAGOGY and OMNIOLOGY. The ultimate goal of this paradigm is to empower learners and help them take advantage of the enormous array of resources from the world environment in order to eliminate the current continuum of poverty and limitations.

This will become a crude reality with respect for, and practice of, human and community rights through experiences, investigations, practicum work, and/ or examinations. Everything takes place in a setting that fosters diversity; with advisors and consultants with doctorate degrees and specializations in Human Development monitor learning processes, in addition to a worldwide web of colleagues and associations, so that they can reach the satisfaction and the progress of humanity with peace and harmony.

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Claudine Dell Bachelor of Social Work Social Work and Human Rights Cayman Islands	Alejandro Martinez Piñeros Master of Education Education Colombia	Mwikie Mpapa Pacifique Master of Science Civil Engineering Congo	William Jefferson Watler Reyes Doctor of Science Environmental Science Costa Rica	Juan Carlos Mejía Quezada Bachelor of Science Engineering Systems Dominican Republic	Lydia Lena John-Renner Bachelor of Science Human Resource Management Gambia

Jonathan Perry Kweku AinooE Bachelor of Business Administration Business Management Ghana	Sylvia Adiki Akeeb Master of Communications Communications Ghana	Jaime Alberto Galvez Lopez Bachelor of Science Telecommunications Engineering Guatemala	Nityanand Sukhwa Certificate of Management Security Management Guyana	Swapnil Krushna Shinde Doctor of Science Information Technology India	Kaoré Bi Tra Didier Doctor of Finance Finance Ivory Coa st

Shadavia Anniea Minnalli McCatty Master of Science Forensic Psychology Jamaica	Domaine Deano Wilson Bachelor of Management Project Management Jamaica	Shannette Shann Graham Bachelor of Education Education Jamaica	Olivine N. Evans Doctor of Education Educational Management and Leadership Jamaica	Jacqueline Alice Akinyi Kado Doctor of Arts Human Development Kenya	Filipos Ruxho Post-Doctorate of Economics Business and Economics Kosovo

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Andrés Javier, Aguilar Pinedo Bachelor of Science Mechanical Engineering Peru	Bardan Marius Vasile Bachelor of Science Physics, Chemistry and Biology Romania	Hussain Amer Alomayri Bachelor of Science Chemical Engineering Saudi Arabia	Galal Mohamed Abualmagd Morsy Doctor of Business Administration Business Administration Saudi Arabia	Joseph Morais Rainald Morais Bachelor of Science Electrical Engineering Singapore	Nerisha Baijnath Doctor of Science Industrial-Organizational Psychology South Africa

Gibson Bakata Waro Francis Bachelor of Science Information Technology and Management South Sudan	Lamoka Mary Alfred Bachelor of Accounting and Finance Financial Management South Sudan	Sergio Gil Flores Doctor of Anthropo logy Cultural and Social Anthropology Spa in	Michael Donald Arthur Associate of Education Education St. Lucia	Mireille, Renate Papotto Master of Science Social Work Suriname	Mohamed Khaled Dardar Doctor of Science Information Systems Syria

Frank Samwell Mkally Bachelor of Logistics and Transp. Mgmt. Business Management Tanzania	Zainab Rattansi-Lalji Bachelor of Science Nutrition Tanzania	Nevin Acar Bachelor of Science Physiotherapy and Kinesiology United Kingdom	Jorge Alex Deutsch de Barros Doctor of Philosop hy Administration and Business Management Uruguay	Caleb Pierre Doctor of Theology Pastoral Ministry USA	Bayan Adib Elkaderi Doctor of Science Nutrition and Dietetics USA

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“I made a huge to-do list today. I just need to figure out who’s going to do it.” Source: 100 Funny sayings that are definitely worth memorizing. www.rd.com

BACHELOR’S DEGREE in Theology

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