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Sergio Marcelo Arciénaga Morales Doctor of Education Information Systems in Education Argentina |
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Rasheed Remi Babawale Bachelor of Economics Economics Nigeria |
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Mark Joseph Medellada Taganos Master of Business Administration Business & Economics Papua New Guinea |
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Luis Daniel Rivera Pérez Master of Arts Architecture Puerto Rico |
Hussein Imam Ali Zainelabdin Master of Sports Science Sport Development Qatar |
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Cristine Rybnikar Bachelor of Science Zoology South Afric |
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Muhieldein Abdalla Ali Zakaria Bachelor of Business and Economics Business Administration Sudan |
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Azeez Muhammed Ibraheem Doctor of Philosophy Sociology USA |
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Moses Nkhata Master of Science Conflict Resolution Zambia |
Gilbert Chikumba Bachelor of Business Management Business Management Zambia |
Kingsley Omonobi
Master of International Relations
May 11, 2022
“One of the best educational decisions I took in my life was to
enroll to study/pursue my Master’s Degree Program in International Relations
at the Atlantic International University.
The reason is that AIU’s Tutors, Supervisors, Staff of the Student Services
Department were exceptional in the nature and professional way they handled
issues of my area of study with me.
They made me understand that as a
student in the University, it is not all
about obtaining the Master’s degree but
a whole new life experience that inculcated new senses of discipline, how to
research into details, respect, improved
knowledge, communication, attitude,
and responsibilities.
Even when I was pressed for time
resources as a result of my very busy
line of work which is Journalism and
reporting extremely time-consuming
issues of crime and security challenges
in my country, Nigeria, AIU Tutors and
Supervisors, showed and encouraged
me to still fix my eyes on the goal of
achieving my life ambition of getting
my Master’s degree. ...
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Sylvia Chibuike Iwuchukwu
Doctor of Gender and Dev. Studies
May 13, 2022
“I am happy to inform you that I
have completed my academic
program with Atlantic International
University. I was admitted into the
Social and Human Sciences Faculty for
a virtual Doctorate program in Gender
and Development Studies in 2019.
While on this program, I was exposed to compulsory readings of several
related collections within the discipline
of gender and social inclusion, as well
as a self-developed curriculum and
written articles on gender issues. These
readings and researches added to my
knowledge of gender issues and existing gaps. Given the COVID pandemic,
the experiences garnered during class
works and the gaps identified informed
the choice of Thesis research topic.
Working with an organization that
protects the rights of women and
children, the thesis topic was focused
on Adolescent children and was coined
thus: The Assessment of the Impacts of
COVID-19 Lockdown on Sexual Violence Against the Adolescent Children
to Accelerate Prevention and Speak-Up
Culture in Ondo State”. ...
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Rosebells Uviovo
Doctor of Criminal Justice
May 17, 2022
“Starting studies at Atlantic International University was like
a huge challenge, but for me, it was
an opportunity to prove my resilience
and also the most excellent decision
I have ever made in my life. Studying from Nigeria as a virtual student
wasn’t the only challenge for me. It
was also challenged with learning virtually with others while working and
studying to do assignment, seminar
and so on.
Through it all —both was determined to find my path of develop
some sense of discipline and improved
knowledge, attitude, responsibilities in my area of study. The quick
response and interaction from my
Tutor were excellent. I felt awesomely
educational and friendly online learning environment.
Though it was not easy for me to
pay my fees on time and also with the
workloads but I am very gratefully for
the support from my family whose
calls and encouragement made me
complete the program. Most especially
I have learnt and improved on selfresearch on law documents. I think
this experience enhances my ability to find a better job after graduation. I
believe that this experience has turned
me to be an excellent solicitor to my ...
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Sawsan Saleh
Bachelor of Interior Design
May 20, 2022
“I was excited to learn about
interior design at your university. Like a student at your university,
working toward my degree and looking
for ways to pull all my knowledge and
skills to use in the work environment.
My education at Atlantic International
University combined with previous
work experience has given me a great
foundation of knowledge and skills.
I learned at AIU new technologies
quickly and apply those abilities to
improve the work I do.
Additionally, I learned a good way
how to collaborate with team members, system design, and develop
investigation strategies. I have learned
a resourceful approach to problemsolving and tackling challenges headon. All the above-mentioned were
improved by studying at AIU. ...
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Introduction
When good investments are
made, the market always offer returns. The major reason
why investors missed out this
return is because of the various
mistakes that they commit. In
general, learning is best viewed
from getting the best and
learning from those who did
the best or from those whose
performances were outstanding. This best is always the one
we can copy. It attracts people’s
attention and is often worth
celebrating. In business the
best is good to learn from as
well as the worst (Stammers, 2016).
This article focuses on identifying some of the investment
mistakes that are likely to be
committed. Also, it highlights
ways in which such errors can
be curbed so that businesses could be managed in order to
maximize the output. Coming out with some of the ways
that these investment mistakes can be avoided can help
entrepreneurs on how to open
and sustain a good business.
Thus, contributing to foster the
UN sustainable developmental
goals for the citizens.
This worst is important
because it helps investors to
watch out on certain aspects.
The worst performance of
someone’s business often helps
as an eye opener especially on
those things/concepts that led
to the poor output. Also, it can
even open an entrepreneur’s
eye to see and understand a
business area that may be no
one has never thought could
be problematic. So, getting the
worst or mistakes of others act
as a steppingstone for a more
successful approach in business. According to Warren Buffet, a good number of investors
do not find pleasure investing.
They do not allocate time for it;
even their feeling towards investment is questionable. They
no longer feel very good at all.
Unfortunately, most of the advisors commit the same errors
and mistakes that the individual investors makes, (Tillinghast,
2017). So, the actual reason for
investor’s underperformance
is not only as a result of the
different market scenarios but
also as a result of the mistakes
of the investors and their advisors. It worth nothing that all
of us are liable to one or more
of these mistakes. Many great
investors admit their awareness of investment mistakes
and have raised mental blockage so that they are prevented
from it. According to (Warren,
2003) “risk is the outcome of
not being fully aware of what
you are doing”. One of the
key issue in investment is that
the investors should be fully
aware that returns are variant
and this variance is continuous
throughout. This is one of the
key concept the investor needs
to be aware of before investing.
A good comprehension of it is
a prerequisite to the avoidance
of the investment mistakes
they may be making, or ever
attempt to make whether they
have a discipline plan or they
fall prey to some performance
data that may be misleading,
(Ben, 2015). So, in this article,
some of the investment mistakes and how to avoid them
are discussed. Thus paving
a clear path towards which
successful investment can be
achieved.
Mistake 1:
Investors not having a
clear cut investment goal
In the business world, especially in trading the goal of a
business is view in a different
manner. Usually many people invest their finances because
they want to make profit. That
is to say after one sells the
items, the money obtained is
more than the cost price. So
that some money is obtained
as gain/financial profit. This is
alright. This will meet only the
individual’s (entrepreneur’s)
financial needs and may be
contribute to better his life
and family only. Obviously the
business has solved a problem; which is personal. The
issue here is that even though
a problem is solved, it has not
contributed anything great to
the community. A good investment goal is set so as to positively affect the community in
which the business is located,
(Bodie, ZVI et al, 2013). Having an
investment goal is the same
as stating where you are going
(destination of the investment). If someone on a journey
does not have a specific place
where he or she is going, then
it is either he or she is going
nowhere or finds his or herself
somewhere he or she does not
understand. In business, aspects like from planning of the
investment, to the techniques
or strategies to be used and
designing of portfolio is one of
the primary key considerations
to make. Selecting the different asset classes are structured
with the main goal in the mind
as a reference point. Having
this goal in mind will point the
investor’s focus on both the
short term as well as long term
investment objectives. As a
result other business side tractions will be easily identified
and could be avoided.
Clue to have a good investment goal. According
to (Batnick, 2018), a good investment goal should be such that
that it is beneficial to the entire
community. So, a business goal
should be framed so as to solve
a particular problem in the
community. This means that
it will affect a large number of
people. Consequently, the outcomes will be profitable both
to the community and to the
entrepreneur. Hence, the problem is resolved and people are
rejoicing. Then the entrepreneur is will also be rejoicing not
because he has helped to solve
a problem, but also because his
expectations are met. He is a
fulfilled personality that is important and useful to his community. He is regarded as a well
valued person in the society.
So, before thinking of investing your money in to a business
think of What particular issue
you are going to address in that
community. Once this problem
is identified, you then think of
the roadmap, (Firth, 2015).
Mistake 2:
Timing of the market
Market Timing is a term commonly used in the stock
market. It is an idea that tries
to put forward that there is a
period (time) that the investor has to be in the market and
there is a time that he or she
should be out of the market.
For example some investors like try to “protect” their
capital investment by going out
of the market whenever they
noticed and sensed a drop in
returns. At this point, they load
up with stocks that are more
risky in anticipation of future
recovery. This approach is
called timing of the market or
market timing. It is not advisable because is an investment
mistake. It is not very possible
for the market to be calculated.
This is because return is not
as linear as the investor may
think. However, market timing
applies to all forms of trading.
Below are some of the ways
market timing can be identified, (Batnick, 2018).
Elements
of market timing
The mind of the investor is
full of some thoughts as given
below.
• I already have some funds
kept side for investing; I am
just waiting for things to go
down.
• Even though I have some
money, I think I will invest
after the elections.
• From the way this country is
so indebted, I will wait a bit
and see how thing unfold.
• I will like to do provision
business but why is there no
provision store around here?
Hmm! May be I wait and see
because I suffered to raise
my capital.
If you have ever had a thought
like one of these, then, you are
doing what is called market
timing. Market timing is an
investment mistake. Many
people may lure you to commit
it. For example, some family members may erroneously
jump out of business before a
major crisis step in and they may misinterpret it as smartness and lure to do market
timing, (Al-Janabi, 2020). It is
not advisable because it may
not turn out well as theirs
turned out. This is because
even though it sounds true
and real, this advisor is likely
depending on the one time he
made a good decision and may
be forgets the many times his
decisions failed. Another reason why market timing is not
good is because if you succeed
you have beaten the market.
In investment, it is difficult
to beat the market because at
any given point in time in an
efficient market, the present
price of asset/security gives the
estimate of intrinsic value of
security, (Chuck A. Arize et al, 2016)
Evidence
of market timing
Getting Information from
the Media. Very often investors
turn to get information from
the media this includes; information about the items that
are more costly, rapidly traded
stuffs, price fluctuations,
scarce commodities and so on.
According to (Lei, 2015), sum
total of the information (and
its value) obtained from the
media with respect to the market is zero. The reason being
that following up the market
on media trends usually creates
a result that is often negative.
The purpose of the media is
for adverts not market information. So, getting and using
media information for market
projections is an evidence of
attempting to time the market.
Forecasting. Forecasting deals with fore telling or
predicting the price and sales
depending on issues like:
• Weather
• Period of the year
• Events at hand
• Predicting base of comparative records of the past.
• The market trends in the
near-by market and so on.
Forecasting is dangerous
because it reveals more
about the person forecasting
(forecaster) but say nothing
concrete about the next moment and the future, (Bodie, ZVI
et al, 2013). Findings show that
economists do not have the
ability to predict the direction
of the economy. The reason
is because there are several
known and unknown variables
that influence it. These variables limit the accuracy of the
prediction.
Switching between traded
items or class. Switching
between tradable items is the
investor’s ability to rotating
items that are being traded.
For instance, a trader may select times/periods or seasons to
trade with particular products
or to enter the other part of the
market. The main purpose here
is to protect trade downside.
So, they turn to estimate the
market trends of a particular item. A good example is a
provision trader who calculates
and says ok it is Christmas period let me limit the purchase
of provision and get toys and
Christmas trees obviously I will
be able to make more profit
since in December especially
from the 20th upwards everyone is having the charismas
spirit. This idea looks good but
it is purely market timing and
could be disastrous when items
or stocks are being switched
periodically or annually. Some
of the disadvantages is that, it
could lead to:
• Reduction in trading capital
especially in the case where
the items switched were not
all sold, or maybe they were
sold below the expected or
cost price. Reason could be
that the period (Christmas)
is almost finishing and very
little or no sales are made.
So, for fear of losing all the
invested capital, the entrepreneur chose to sell below
cost price.
• Complete loss of capital
• Inability to really follow
up and master the items
in trade in which one is
involved.
• One could be trading for
years and have no mastery
and so the business sustainability is not guaranteed
• Poor selection of the switch
items and sales may be poor.
There are some traded items
that cannot just go together.
So, selecting and blending
traded items should be done
following diversification
principles.
In business, switching between
items is greatly discouraged
because one key concept in
trading is that when the investor concentrates on one item
he/she understands and masters the trend of that particular
good through experience and
the taste of customers are captured. So, depending on
the period you can meets the
needs of many customers this
will rather help to increase the
traded volume and generate more profit. It even helps
you to build lasting relationships with the clients and the
business sustainability is sure.
Therefore, switching from one
class of assets to another is
called market timing, (Piketty,
2014). This kind of supposed
tactful way of trading often
gives less than expected results. Usually when the period
is over, some goods are left
unsold. Warren Buffett a modern time investor has greatly
discouraged market timing.
Amongst all the investment
techniques and strategies,
market timing is one of the
most greatly mocked, (Ben,
2015). He explained further
“forecasting is the senseless
thing that an investor can do. I
have never met a man that has
successfully timed the market”, (Warren, 2003).
So, overall one can conclude that market time is not
a good practice. You cannot
really decide when to enter
adequately and when to go
out of the market. Neither can
one determine when to leave
one part of the market and go
to another part of the market.
This is a common tendency
amongst traders that looks like
common sense trading and at
times one may be deceived to
think that it works; may be
simply because upon one such
manipulation some gains were
obtained.
How to avoid
market timing
Understanding market
volatility. One of the best way
to avoid market timing is to
first acknowledge the volatility
of the market. Market timing is a temporary investment
approach. This is because there
are so many market disorders.
Investors must therefore understand the major movements
in the market. When the market movements are understood,
then their frequencies should
also be noted. Let’s consider
this life example of trading fresh tomato in a quarter
market where the researcher
lives. Over the period, the
market scenario is as follows:
It will be difficult to know why
a basket of tomatoes that was
sold between 2500 francs to
3000 francs during the first
week of December 2021 and by
the third week the price of that
same basket of tomatoes went
up to 11000 francs. Looking
backwards, by September 2021
and November of the same year
the prices of that same basket
fluctuated between 2000 francs
and 11000 francs. This is a
clear indication of the volatility of the market. So the best
way out of market timing is to
acknowledge that the market
is volatile. With this in mind
the investor should endeavor to
understand the market tumor.
Have an idea and frequency of
trade within the intervention to
have a possible return however
small because the market is
volatile.
Consistent trading. Another
solution is that, it is better and
advisable to carry on consistent
trading. That is to say remain
investing and focus to know
the investment portfolio than
attempting the trade-in and
trade-out of the market.
By engaging in regular investments which is the opposite
of market timing. Since one
cannot successfully predict the
market, because an investor
can be out of the market and
an unexpected market scenario
surges upwards. For instance,
an investor may predict that
the market will go down. So, he
sell off the stock and protects
the money by involving in some
conservative investments. Then
realizes that while his money
is not in that stock, the market
trend shoots upwards and there
is a period of high performance.
Thus, this investor timed the
market wrongly. One of the
easiest way to get a solution
of a problem is to look for the
opposite of that problem. The
opposite of market timing
is regular investments. This
means that the investor buys
stock, hold and observe as the
market goes through different cycles. Once upwards
trend shoots more upwards,
he launches the sales (exit).By
so doing, regular investment
is encouraged. Regular investment, and constant portfolio
checking is one of the easiest
way to track the investment
goal, and thus avoid timing of
the market, (Baker, 2019).
To be continued
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