Economics and Health Care

Title: Understanding the Financial Burden of Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Sierra Leone

Abstract: This publication presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditures on households in Sierra Leone. With a focus on the 2018 Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey, the study highlights the financial challenges faced by families due to high healthcare costs and the implications for poverty and economic stability.

Introduction: In many low and middle-income countries, including Sierra Leone, healthcare financing remains a significant concern. High out-of-pocket expenses can lead to financial hardship, pushing vulnerable households further into poverty. This study aims to assess the extent of this burden and its impact on household economies.

Methodology: The research employs a quantitative cross-sectional design, utilizing secondary data from the Sierra Leone Integrated Household Survey. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to ensure a representative sample of 6,840 households, allowing for robust analysis of healthcare expenditures and their economic implications.

Findings: The findings indicate a strong correlation between high OOP healthcare expenditures and increased financial vulnerability among households. Many families struggle to afford necessary medical services, leading to catastrophic health expenditures that exacerbate poverty levels.

Discussion: The implications of these findings are critical for policymakers. There is an urgent need for interventions to expand health insurance coverage and reduce reliance on out-of-pocket payments. Strategies such as tax-based health financing systems could enhance access to healthcare and alleviate financial burdens on households.

Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of addressing the financial barriers to healthcare in Sierra Leone. By implementing effective health financing policies, the government can improve health outcomes and promote economic stability for its citizens.

Keywords: Out-of-pocket expenditure, healthcare financing, household economy, Sierra Leone, poverty, health insurance.