Clinical Nutrition

The chapter by Shannon Landry provides an in-depth exploration of the essential nutrients required for maintaining blood health and supporting immune function throughout various life stages. It highlights the significance of nutrients such as iron, copper, zinc, vitamin K, folate, and vitamin B12, detailing their roles and the consequences of deficiencies.

Iron is identified as a crucial component of hemoglobin, which is vital for oxygen transport in the blood. The chapter explains how iron deficiency can lead to anemia, characterized by fatigue and weakness. It also discusses the differences between heme and non-heme iron, noting that plant-based diets may result in lower bioavailability of iron due to the presence of phytates and other inhibitors.

Copper is presented as another important mineral that aids in iron metabolism and the formation of red blood cells. The chapter outlines how copper deficiency can impair immune function and lead to cardiovascular issues.

Zinc is discussed for its role in hormone regulation and immune response. The chapter notes that zinc absorption can be affected by dietary factors, particularly in individuals consuming high amounts of non-heme iron, which can inhibit zinc absorption.

Vitamin K is highlighted for its critical function in blood clotting. The chapter explains how deficiencies can lead to increased bleeding and bruising, emphasizing the importance of adequate intake for maintaining vascular health.

Folate and vitamin B12 are examined for their roles in DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation. The chapter points out that deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to macrocytic anemia and neurological issues, particularly in older adults and those following vegetarian or vegan diets.

The chapter also addresses the implications of nutrient deficiencies on child development, motor function, memory, mood, and overall immune health. It emphasizes the need for specific dietary considerations for vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, the elderly, and individuals with restrictive diets.

In conclusion, the chapter underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced intake of these essential nutrients to support blood health and immune function. It advocates for dietary sources rich in these nutrients and suggests that supplementation may be necessary for individuals at risk of deficiencies due to dietary restrictions or health-related factors. Overall, the information presented serves as a valuable resource for understanding the interconnectedness of nutrition, blood health, and immunity.