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GENERAL CHAIRS
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Università of ¹orth Áexas/U¿A
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ÀangÇhou ¹ormal UniversitÃ/China
M±³² IN»±:
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icsle2017
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R²¶´ TH² »¼LL C¶LL »±³ º¶º²³S:
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A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
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INITI¶T² b²·±½²S ±wN²´ by
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SkILLS ¶N´ ·³²´²NTI¶LS ¶N´
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8
w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 4 1
A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
Kadange Vkadange Mvula
Doctorate in Educational
Leadership and Policy Studies
October, 2016
“M
y ²Xº²³I²N·² ¶T
At-
lantic International
University
(A¸U)
w¶S q¼IT²
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²N¶bL²´ ½² T± ¶·q¼I³² TH²
D±·T±³¶T² ´²¾³²² wHI·H wILL
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b±TH ½y º²³S±N¶L ¶N´ º³±»²S-
SI±N¶L ¾±¶LS IN ½y LI»².
¸ LIk²´ TH² w¶y
AIU
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I½º±SIN¾ ·¼³³I·¼L¼½ ±N TH²½.
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ST¶ff ¶T TH² ¼NIV²³SITy w²³²
S± fl²XIbL² ¶N´ ³²¶´y T± ¶SSIST
¶T ¶Ny ¾IV²N TI½² IN ¶ SH±³T-
²ST º±SSIbL² º²³I±´ T± TH² »¼LL
S¶TIS»¶·TI±N ±» TH² ST¼´²NT.
F¼³TH²³, TH² T¼ITI±N w¶S ¶»-
»±³´¶bL², ¶N´ TH² º¶y½²NT
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TH² fiN¶N·I¶L ¶SSIST¶N·² º³±-
VI´²´, ¶LL±wS ¶ ST¼´²NT T± ºL¶N
¶N´ ·±N·²NT³¶T² ±N ST¼´I²S.
ÁH² kN±wL²´¾² ¶N´ SkILLS ¸
L²¶³N²´ ´¼³IN¾ ½y º³±¾³¶½
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AIU
wILL ¾³²¶TLy H²Lº IN
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TH² fi²L´ ±» ²´¼·¶TI±N, ¶N´ ½y
º³±»²SSI±N¶L ¾±¶L, wHI·H IS T±
L²·T¼³² IN ¶ ¼NIV²³SITy.
¸ w±¼L´ ³²·±½½²N´
AIU
T±
¶Ny±N² INT²³²ST²´ IN º¼³S¼IN¾
HIS/H²³ ¶·¶´²½I· ¾±¶LS.
AS
George Courous
ST¶T²S:
“W² H¶V² T± L±±k ¶T ²´¼·¶-
TI±N ¶S ¶ ·±NTIN¼±¼S j±¼³N²y.
WH¶T w² ´± N±w, wILL ½¶k² ¶N
I½º¶·T L¶T²³”.
Emma Maddy
Doctor of Philosophy
in Psychology
December 19, 2016
“¸
¶½ ¶ V²³y ²Xº²³I²N·²´
N¼³S² ¶N´ ¶ ½²NT¶L
H²¶LTH º³¶·TITI±N²³ wITH ±V²³
45 y²¶³S ±» ²Xº²³I²N·² ¶N´
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N¼³SIN¾ º³±»²SSI±N. ¸ H¶V² ¶LS±
T¶¼¾HT »±³ S²V²³¶L y²¶³S ´¼³IN¾
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F±³½¶LLy, ¸ H¶V² T¶¼¾HT IN
¼NIV²³SITI²S IN GH¶N¶ »±³ ±V²³
S²V²N y²¶³S IN N¼³SIN¾ ¶N´ TH²
¿·H±±L ±» M²´I·¶L ¿·I²N·²S.
S T U D E N T S P A C E
MORE TESTIMONIALS FROM AIU STUDENTS
www.¶I¼.²´¼/Á²STI½±NI¶LS.¶SºX
9
w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 4 1
A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
AbN±³½¶L PSy·H±L±¾y
SI¾NIfi·¶NT º¶³T ±» H¼½¶N N¶-
T¼³² IN º³I½ITIV² ·¼LT¼³²S wH²N
H¼½¶N ½¶´N²SS ±³ ºHySI·¶L
º¶IN w¶S ²XºL¶IN²´ by ²VIL
SºI³ITS º±SS²SSIN¾ TH² H¼½¶N
b±´y. ÁH±S² w²³² TI½²S wH²N
³²LI¾I±¼S ¶¼TH±³ITI²S H¶´ ¶ ¾³²¶T
INfl¼²N·² ±N º²±ºL² ¶N´ TH²
w±³L´ ²XIST²N·² w¶S INT²³-
º³²T²´ ±NLy by ¶NI½IS½, b²LI²»
IN SºI³IT¼¶L w±³L´.
¿·I²NTIfi· ²XºL¶N¶TI±N ±»
¶bN±³½¶L b²H¶VI±³ T±±k ºL¶·²
IN ¶N·I²NT R±½² ¶N´ G³²²·².
Hippocrates
, ±N² ±» TH² ¾³²¶T-
²ST ºHySI·I¶NS ±» AN·I²NT
G³²²·², »±·¼S²´ ±N ´ISº³±º±³-
TI±N¶L ·I³·¼L¶TI±N ±» H¼½±¼³S
(b±´y fl¼I´S) IN H¼½¶N b±´y
wHIL² ´²V²L±ºIN¾ TH² TH²±³y
±N ½²NT¶L ´IS±³´²³S. B¶S²´
±N HIS S¼¾¾²STI±NS, I½º¶³ITy
±» b±´y fl¼I´S w¶S TH² ½¶IN
S±¼³·² »±³ I³³¶TI±N¶L b²H¶VI±³,
´²º³²SSI±N ±³ ½±±´IN²SS.
Galen
, G³²²k ºHySI·I¶N, S¼³-
¾²±N ¶N´ ºHIL±S±ºH²³, b²·¶½²
²q¼¶LLy »¶½±¼S by HIS ´IV²³-
SITy ±» ´I¶¾N±SIS »±³ ½²NT¶L
´IS±³´²³S.
Galen
b²LI²V²´ TH¶T
TH²³² w²³² ±³¾¶NI· ·¶¼S²S ¶N´
²½±TI±N¶L ·¶¼S²S »±³ ½²NT¶LLy
ILL IN´IVI´¼¶LS.
Aſt²³ ·L±S²³ ²X¶½IN¶TI±N
IN´IVI´¼¶LIS½ ·±½² ¾³¶´¼-
¶LLy, w² INfl¼²N·² ±TH²³S, ¶N´
±TH²³S INfl¼²N·² ¼S. ÁH² ½¶IN
´³IV² ±» H¼½¶N ²XIST²N·² IS
TH² b³¶IN, TH² ½±ST ·±½ºL²X
±³¾¶N IN H¼½¶N b±´y ·±¼NT-
IN¾ ³±¼¾HLy 86 bILLI±N N²¼³±NS
TH¶T T³¶NS½IT ¶N´ ·H¶NN²L TH²
w±³L´ ¶³±¼N´ ¼S. B³¶IN H²LºS
¼S T± b² ±¼³S²LV²S.
“W² H¶V² ½¶´² ·±NSI´²³-
¶bL² º³±¾³²SS ¼N´²³ST¶N´IN¾
TH² b³¶IN b²·¶¼S² TH²³² ¶³²
S·I²NTISTS w±³kIN¾ ¶T ²V²³y
L²V²L, »³±½ ¾²N²S T± SyN¶ºS²S
T± N²¼³±NS T± b³¶IN ST³¼·T¼³²
T± b²H¶VI±³.”
REt±iEvEd ²±om tHE
wEBsitE: www.±EAding±oom.o±g
.
À±w²V²³, TH² b³¶IN INV±LV²-
½²NT ¶N´ ·±½ºL²XITy IN H¼-
½¶N b²H¶VI±³ IS ¶ ½yST²³y STILL
H¶VIN¾ L±N¾ w¶y T± ¾±.
WH²N TH² H¼½¶N b³¶IN ´²-
·I´²S wH¶T IS N±³½¶L ±³ wH¶T
IS ST³¶N¾² T± TH² w±³L´? ÁHIS IS
TH² q¼²STI±N ±» ´²·¶´²S SIN·²
½¶NkIN´ ²XIST²N·².
1.1 Origins of
Human Behavior
“
The future influences the pres-
ent just as much as the past.
”
F±iEd±iCH NiEtzsCHE.
ATyºI·¶L b²H¶VI±³ w¶S ¶
M¶N¶N¶ B¼SS²
|
B¶·H²L±³ ±» PSy·H±L±¾y
Image: www.papsychotherapy.org
1. INTRODUCTION
“
To live is to suffer; to survive is
to find some meaning in the suf-
fering.
”
F±iEd±iCH NiEtzsCHE.
¿¼ff²³IN¾ ·±½²S INT± ½¶Ny
SH¶º²S IN ±¼³ LIV²S ¶N´ H¼-
½¶N ·¶º¶·ITy T± ²Xº³²SS TH²S²
T±³½²NTS IS ¶LS± ¼N¶LIk². W²
¶LL INT²NT T± fiN´ ±¼³ º¶THw¶y
T± ³²¶·H TH² ½²¶NIN¾ ±» ±¼³
´IS·±½»±³T, º¶SSI±N ±³ S±³²-
N²SS, b¼T THIS j±¼³N²y IS ·±½-
ºLI·¶T²´ ¶N´ S±½²TI½²S w² ¾²T
L±ST. B¼T w±¼L´ TH² LI»² b² S±
´²SI³¶bL² wITH±¼T ·±NT³±V²³SI¶L
H¼½¶N º³±fiL², b²H¶VI±³ ¶N´
º²³S±N¶LITy? W±¼L´ H¼½¶NS
²V²³ fiN´ TH² ½²¶NIN¾ T± TH² LI»²
I» b²IN¾ ¶LL SI½IL¶³ ¶N´ ¶LIk²?
¿º²¶kIN¾ bI±L±¾I·¶LLy, ²V²³y
H¼½¶N b²IN¾ IS b±³N IN TH²
S¶½² w¶y wITH ·²³T¶IN ¾²N²TI·
·±´² ¶N´ “½¶k² ¼º”. A´j¼ST-
½²NT, fi°IN¾ INT± S±·I²Ty ¶N´
P¶³T 1/2
10
w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 4 1
A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
±» y±¼N¾ w±½¶N wH± w¶S
·±½ºL¶ININ¾ ¶b±¼T ºHySI·¶L
´IS·±½»±³T,
Galen
²X·L¼´²´ ¶LL
ºHySI·¶L º¶TH±L±¾y ST¶TIN¾ TH¶T
“... ¸ ·¶½² T± TH² ·±N·L¼SI±N
TH¶T SH² w¶S S¼ff²³IN¾ »³±½
¶ ½²L¶N·H±Ly ´²º²N´²NT ±N
bL¶·k bIL², ±³ ²LS² T³±¼bL² ¶b±¼T
S±½²THIN¾ SH² w¶S ¼NwILLIN¾ T±
·±N»²SS.”
GAlEn
.
StAnlEY W. JACk-
son. ³s qUotEd in GAlEn On MEntAl
Diso±dE±s
.
¹IN²T²²NTH ·²NT¼³y w¶S
´ISTIN¾¼ISH²´ ¶N´ º³±½IN²NT IN
T²³½S ±» ³²V²L¶TI±NS »±³ ½²NT¶L
´IS±³´²³S ¶N´ ITS ·±NN²·TI±N
wITH ±³¾¶NI· ¶N´ b³¶IN º¶TH±L±-
¾I²S. À±w²V²³,
William Cullen
(1710-1790), ¿·±°ISH ºHySI·I¶N,
“º³±½±T²´” TH² Hyº±TH²SIS ²V²N
IN 18
TH
·²NT¼³y º±INTIN¾ ±¼T TH¶T
“A ·±NSI´²³¶bL² ¶N´ ¼N¼S¼¶L
²X·²SS IN TH² ²X·IT²½²NT ±» TH²
b³¶IN” w¶S ·¶¼SIN¾ ½¶´N²SS
¶N´ INS¶NITy ²V²N wH²N TH²
º¶TI²NT w¶S ºHySI·¶LLy H²¶LTHy.
Cullen
wITH TH² ·±LL¶b±³¶-
TI±N ±»
Robert Why°
(1714-
1766), ¶LS± ¿·±°ISH PHySI·I¶N,
·²NT²³²´ ±N H¼½¶N N²³V±¼S
SyST²½ ´yS»¼N·TI±N TH¶T w¶S
·¶¼SIN¾ V¶³I±¼S ¶bN±³½¶L b²-
H¶VI±³ ¶N´ ½²NT¶L ILLN²SS.
“By TH² 1840S ¶N´ 1850S,
»¼N·TI±N¶L ´IS±³´²³S ±» TH²
N²³V±¼S SyST²½ (¶LS± ·¶LL²´
“N²¼³±S²S”) b²·±½² ¶ ½¶j±³
¶³²¶ ±» ·LINI·¶L ST¼´y.”
REt±iEvEd
²±om ´.S. NAtionAl LiB±A±Y o²
MEdiCinE.
¿T¼´I²S ±N ½²NT¶L ´IS±³-
´²³S ·±NTIN¼² ¼NTIL T±´¶y ¶N´
³²½¶IN ¶S I½º±³T¶NT »±·¶L
º±INT ±» S·I²N·² ¶S IT w¶S
¶L½±ST 100 y²¶³S ¶¾±, wH²N
ST¶³T²´ TH² HIST±³y ±» ¶bN±³-
½¶L b²H¶VI±³ ¶N´ ºSy·H±L±¾y.
2. BRANCHES
OF PSYCHOLOGY
PSy·H±L±¾y, ¶S ¶ S·I²N·²,
·±NSISTS ±» ´Iff²³²NT b³¶N·H²S
w±³kIN¾ S²º¶³¶T²Ly b¼T SH¶³-
IN¾ ±N² bI¾¾²ST q¼²STI±N ³²-
¾¶³´IN¾ TH² H¼½¶N º²³S±N¶LITy
¶N´ b²H¶VI±³. ¿±½² ±» TH²
ºSy·H±L±¾y b³¶N·H²S ¶³²: ¶b-
N±³½¶L ºSy·H±L±¾y, b²H¶VI±³¶L
ºSy·H±L±¾y, bI±ºSy·H±L±¾y,
·±¾NITIV² ºSy·H±L±¾y, ·±½º¶³-
¶TIV² ºSy·H±L±¾y, ·³±SS-·¼LT¼³-
¶L ºSy·H±L±¾y, ´²V²L±º½²NT¶L
ºSy·H±L±¾y ¶N´ S±½² ½±³².
2.1 Definition of
Abnormal Psychology
ÁH²³² IS N± ¼NIV²³S¶L ´²fiNI-
TI±N »±³ ¶bN±³½¶L b²H¶VI±³.
ÁH²³² ¶³² N¼½²³±¼S TH²±³I²S,
·¶S² ST¼´I²S, T²STI½±NI¶LS,
S·I²NTIfi· ³²S²¶³·H²S, HIST±³I-
·¶L H²³IT¶¾², ¶N´ TH² b±°±½
LIN² ³²½¶INS ¶T TH² S¶½² L²V²L:
H±w T± ´²fiN² N±³½¶L b²H¶VI±³
»³±½ ¶bN±³½¶L ±³ wH²³² TH²
LIN² b²Tw²²N S¶NITy ¶N´ INS¶N-
ITy IS. À±w²V²³, TH² ¶bN±³½¶L
ºSy·H±L±¾y ±³ ºSy·H±º¶TH±L-
±¾y ITS²L» IS ¶ S·I²NTIfi· ST¼´y
±» ½²NT¶L ´IS±³´²³S ²½ºH¶-
SIzIN¾ ±N ·¶¼S²S, Sy½ºT±½S
¶N´ ·L¶SSIfi·¶TI±N ±» ¶bN±³½¶L
b²H¶VI±³. ÁH¶T ½¼·H TH² S·I-
²N·² ·¶N S¶y.
2.2 Case Presentation
P¶TI²NT
M
IS IN ¶ º³IV¶T²
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fiſtH fl±±³: ºSy·HI¶T³I· ´²º¶³T-
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IS G²±³¾I¶N. ¿H² N²²´S T± ¾±
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±» ST¶N´¶³´ N±³½S? P³±b¶bLy
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w¶S fi¾HTIN¾ wITH H²³ ±wN
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²NVI³±N½²NT¶L ·¼LT¼³² SH² w¶S
·±½IN¾ »³±½ w²³² ´²fiNIT²Ly
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“Y±¼ H¶V² H¶´ N± ³²¶L
·±½º³²H²NSI±N ±» TH² ±TH²³
º²³S±N’S w±³L´.”
JAmison K.
³n ´nqUiEt Mind: ³ MEmoi±
o² Moods And MAdnEss. Knop²
DoUBlEdAY PUBlisHing G±oUp.
3. FIVE CRITERIA
¿º²¶kIN¾ S·I²NTIfi·¶LLy,
TH²³² ¶³² fiV² ·³IT²³I¶ ¶SSIST-
IN¾ T± ´Iff²³²NTI¶T² TH² N±³½¶L
b²H¶VI±³ »³±½ ¶bN±³½¶L
b²H¶VI±³.
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Image: www.blessthehealth.com
11
w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 4 1
A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
´¶N¾²³±¼S b²H¶VI±³, ´²VI¶NT
b²H¶VI±³, ²½±TI±N¶L ´IST³²SS,
¶N´ SI¾NIfi·¶NT I½º¶I³½²NT IN
»¼N·TI±NIN¾.”
µA±lEY MS, StEvEn
G. ³Bno±mAl PsYCHologY. SGµ
P±odUCtion.
WH²N L±±kIN¾ ¶T ·³IT²³I¶ ±³
¶T ²N´L²SS LIST ±» Sy½ºT±½S ±»
ºSy·H±L±¾I·¶L ´IS±³´²³S, w²
½I¾HT ³²·±¾NIz² ±¼³S²LV²S IN
½¶Ny ·¶S² ST¼´I²S. À±w²V²³,
S²V²³ITy ±» Sy½ºT±½S, L²N¾TH ±»
TH² TI½² TH² Sy½ºT±½S ½I¾HT
L¶ST ¶N´ TH² L²V²L ±» H¼½¶N ·¶-
º¶bILITy T± »¼N·TI±N ¶³² ·³¼·I¶L
LINkS IN ±³´²³ T± ·±NSI´²³ ¶N
IN´IVI´¼¶L ¶S ¶ ·¶³³I²³ ±» ¶Ny
¶bN±³½¶LITy.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF PSY-
CHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
“À±º² IN ³²¶LITy IS TH² w±³ST
±» ¶LL ²VILS b²·¶¼S² IT º³±L±N¾S
TH² T±³½²NTS ±» ½¶N.”
F±iEd±iCH
NiEtzsCHE.
AS S¶´ ¶S IT ½I¾HT S±¼N´,
º²±ºL² wITH ºSy·H±L±¾I·¶L
´IS±³´²³S ¶³² S¼ff²³IN¾ »³±½
“º³±L±N¾²´ T±³½²NTS” by L±SIN¾
TH²I³ “H±º² IN ³²¶LITy”. U³¾²NT
N²²´ T± ·L¶SSI»y ¶N´ ·¶T²¾±³Iz²
“TH²S² T±³½²NTS” T±±k ºL¶·² IN
1952 wH²N A½²³I·¶N PSy·HI¶T-
³I· ASS±·I¶TI±N fi³ST INT³±´¼·²´
¶N´ º¼bLISH²´
Diagnostic Sta-
tistical Manual
, N±w ³²»²³³²´
¶S
DSM
-5
. M¶N¼¶L IS ¼S²´ T±
½¶k² ´I¶¾N±SIS »±³ V¶³I±¼S
½²NT¶L ´IS±³´²³S, T± ´ISTIN¾¼ISH
TH² SI½IL¶³ Sy½ºT±½S ¶½±N¾
´IS±³´²³S ¶N´ T± S²T ST¶N´¶³´
N±³½S ¶N´ »±³½¼L¶S ¼N´²³
wHI·H ºSy·H±L±¾ISTS, ºHySI-
·I¶NS, H²¶LTH INS¼³¶N·² ·±½º¶-
NI²S ¶N´ ±TH²³ L²¾¶L INSTIT¼TI±NS
w±³k ¼N¶NI½±¼SLy.
DSM
w²NT
TH³±¼¾H ½¶Ny ·H¶N¾²S SIN·²
1952 IN ±³´²³ T± ¶´j¼ST T± º¶-
TI²NTS »³±½ V¶³I±¼S ·¼LT¼³²S.
4.1 DSM- 5
DSM
-5
, TH² ½¶N¼¶L ±» T±´¶y,
·¶T²¾±³Iz²S 20 ¾²N²³¶L S²·TI±NS
±» ºSy·H±L±¾I·¶L ´IS±³´²³S. ÁHIS
·L¶SSIfi·¶TI±N ·¶³³I²S INT²³º³²-
TIV² ·H¶³¶·T²³.
4.2 Schizophrenia Spectrum
¿·HIz±ºH³²NI¶ IS ¶ ¾²N²³-
¶LLy ³²·±¾NIz²´, S²V²³² ´IS²¶S²
b¶S²´ ±N N²¼³±´²V²L±º½²NT¶L
º³±bL²½ IN TH² b³¶IN. “¸S N±w
·±NSI´²³²´ ¶ ºHySI·¶L ´IS±³-
´²³, ¶ ´IS²¶S² ±» TH² b³¶IN.”
D±. ³mA±iAH ¶±igHAm, onE o² tHE
²oUndE±s o² ³mE±iCAn psYCHiAt±Y
.
¸N´IVI´¼¶LS wITH S·HIz±ºH³²NI¶
S¼ff²³ ¶ L±SS ±» TH² ¾³¶y ½¶°²³
(½¶j±³ ·±½º±N²NT ±» ·²NT³¶L
N²³V±¼S SyST²½) IN TH² b³¶IN.
D²fiNIT² ·¶¼S²S ±» S·HIz±ºH³²-
NI¶ ¶³² STILL ¼NkN±wN, ¶LTH±¼¾H
TH² ±³I¾INS ½I¾HT ºL¶y b²Tw²²N
INH²³IT²´ ¾²N²S ¶N´ ²NVI³±N-
½²NT. UN»±³T¼N¶T²Ly, ±bVI±¼S
Sy½ºT±½S ±» S·HIz±ºH³²NI¶
¶³² ²Xº±S²´ IN IN´IVI´¼¶LS IN
L¶T² º³±·²SS ±» TH² ´IS²¶S², b¼T
TH² ½±ST ·±½½±N fi³ST IN´I·¶-
T±³ ½I¾HT b² ¶N ¼N²Xº²·T²´
´²·LIN² ¶N´ º³±T²ST IN º²³-
S±N’S ¼S¼¶L w¶y ±» »¼N·TI±NIN¾
IN·L¼´IN¾ ´IS·±NN²·TI±N »³±½
³²¶LITy, ±´´ b²H¶VI±³, I¾N±³IN¾
TH² S±·I²Ty. ¸» N±T T³²¶T²´
q¼I·kLy, TH² Sy½ºT±½S wILL
SH±w H¶LL¼·IN¶TI±NS, ´²L¼SI±NS,
N±NS²NS² T¶LkIN¾ ±³ ¶¾¾³²SSIV²
b²H¶VI±³.
Áyº²S ±» ¿·HIz±ºH³²NI¶:
• Paranoid schizophrenia:
º¶-
TI²NT IS S¼SºI·I±¼S ±» ±TH²³S,
»²²LS º²³S²·¼T²´, H¶LL¼·IN¶-
TI±NS ¶N´ ´²L¼SI±N¶L b²H¶VI±³
IS º³±½IN²NT.
• Disorganized schizophrenia:
º¶TI²NT IS ¼N·±½½¼NI·¶TIV²,
½±±´S ¶N´ ²½±TI±NS ±ſt²N
¶³² IN¶ºº³±º³I¶T² IN ¾IV²N
SIT¼¶TI±N.
• Catatonic schizophrenia:
º¶TI²NT IS IS±L¶T²´, N²¾¶TIV²,
wITH´³¶wN.
• Residual schizophrenia:
º¶-
TI²NT H¶S N± INT²³²ST, I¾N±³²S
´¶y T± ´¶y LI»² ²V²NTS.
• Schizoaffective disorder:
º¶-
TI²NT S¼ff²³S »³±½ S·HIz±ºH³²-
NI¶ ºL¼S ´²º³²SSI±N, bIº±L¶³
½¶NI¶ ±³ ½IX²´ ½¶NI¶S ¶³²
º³²S²NT²´.
• Undifferentiated schizophre
-
nia:
º¶TI²NT ½²²TS TH² ¾²N²³¶L
·³IT²³I¶ ±» TH² ´IS²¶S² b¼T N±T
fi°IN¾ IN ¶Ny ±» ¶b±V² ST¶T²´
S¼bTyº²S.
“ANTIºSy·H±TI· ½²´I·¶TI±NS ¶³²
IN´I·¶T²´ »±³ N²¶³Ly ¶LL ¶·¼T²
ºSy·H±TI· ²ºIS±´²S IN º¶TI²NTS
wITH S·HIz±ºH³²NI¶.” ¸N ¶´´ITI±N
T± ¶NTIºSy·H±TI· ½²´I·¶TI±NS,
S±½² º¶TI²NTS ¶LS± T¶k² ¶NTI-
´²º³²SS¶NTS ±³ ½±±´-ST¶bILIz²³S
T± H²Lº ·±NT³±L ³²L¶T²´ Sy½º-
T±½S.”
REt±iEvEd ²±om ³mE±iCAn
PsYCHiAt±iC ³ssoCiAtion gUidElinEs
.
4.3 Anxiety Disorders
ON² ½I¾HT ·±NSI´²³ SLI¾HTLy
¼N»²¶³ T± ´²fiN² TH² ¶NXI²Ty ¶S
¶ ºSy·H±L±¾I·¶L ´IS±³´²³. W²
LIV² wITH TH² HI¾H Sº²²´ ±» 21
ST
·²NT¼³y ¶N´ I» ST¶yIN¾ b²HIN´,
LI»² ²Xº²³I²N·²S ±³ ¶´V²N-
T¼³²S wILL º¶SS by. C¶N S±·I²Ty
½¶N¶¾² TH²S² ¶´V¶NT¶¾²S,
²V²³y ´¶y ´IS·±V²³I²S, N²²´S T±
S¼³VIV², ¶N´ ¶½bITI±NS T± S¼·-
·²²´ wITH±¼T ¾²°IN¾ ¶NXI±¼S?
µ±±kIN¾ º±SITIV²Ly, ¾²°IN¾
¶NXI±¼S ½I¾HT b² ¼S²»¼L ¶N´
¶´¶ºTIV² IN ±³´²³ T± ¶ºº³²·I¶T²
TH² LI»² ±³ IN T²³½S ±» º¶yIN¾
½±³² ¶°²NTI±N T± ±¼³ H²¶LTH.
F²²LIN¾ ¶NXI±¼S IS fl²XIbL²
S²NS¶TI±N wH²N ¾³¶´¼¶TIN¾,
¾²°IN¾ ½¶³³I²´, ²¶³NIN¾ TH²
fi³ST S¶L¶³y, b¼T »²²LIN¾ ¶N¾¼ISH,
ST³±N¾ ²½±TI±N¶L ¶N´ ºHySI-
·¶L ´IS·±½»±³T ±¼T ±» ST¶N´¶³´
N±³½S wH²N TH²³² IS N± Sº²-
·Ifi· ³²¶S±N, IS ·±NSI´²³²´ ¶S ¶N
¶NXI²Ty ´IS±³´²³.
“ANXI²Ty ´IS±³´²³S ¶³² ·H¶³-
¶·T²³Iz²´ by IN·³²¶S²´ ¼N²¶SI-
N²SS, w±³³y ¶N´ ¶ºº³²H²NSI±N,
S±½²TI½²S »±·¼S²´ ±N ¶
º¶³TI·¼L¶³ ±bj²·T ±³ SIT¼¶TI±N,
¶N´ S±½²TI½²S »³²²-fl±¶TIN¾
¶N´ ¾²N²³¶LIz²´. ÁH² »²²LIN¾S
±» º¶NI· ¶N´ ´³²¶´ ·¶N b² S±
±V²³wH²L½IN¾ TH¶T TH² º²³S±N
wH± S¼ff²³S »³±½ THIS ´IS±³´²³
¼S¼¶LLy ´²V²L±ºS ST³¶T²¾I²S T±
¶V±I´ TH²½.”
³sAntEwAA ³. ³B-
no±mAl PsYCHologY. PAgEs: 145-146.
YoUtU.BE/FjtZk´5wPVk . ³nxiEtY
diso±dE± sYmptoms. REt±iEvEd ²±om
“¶EAting ³nxiEtY.”
B¶S²´ ±N Sy½ºT±½S, TH²³²
¶³² »±¼³ ½¶j±³ Tyº²S ±» ¶NXI²Ty
´IS±³´²³:
• Panic Disorder.
P¶TI²NT
S¼ff²³S »³±½ V¶³I±¼S º¶NI·
¶°¶·kS, »²¶³, ST³±N¾ »²²L-
IN¾ T± ±¼Tb³²¶k, ·±NST¶NT
S²NS¶TI±N ±» ´¶N¾²³, ºHySI·¶L
Image: YourArticleLibrary.com
12
w w w . a i u . e d u • C a m p u s M u n d i • # 4 1
A t l a n t i c I n t e r n a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y
¼N²¶SIN²SS IN·L¼´IN¾ S±¼³
ST±½¶·H ¶N´ Sw²¶Ty º¶L½S.
• Generalized anxiety disorder.
P¶TI²NT S¼ff²³S »³±½ INT²³½I-
N¶bL² ¶NXI²Ty IN ¶Ny SIT¼¶TI±N.
• Specific phobia.
A¾±³¶ºH±bI¶.
P¶TI²NT S¼ff²³S »³±½ ²X¶¾¾²³-
¶T²´ T²³³±³ ±» º¶³TI·¼L¶³ ±bj²·T
±³ SIT¼¶TI±N (·L±S²´ Sº¶·², ±º²N
Sº¶·², ·³±w´²´ ³±±½, º¼bLI·
Sº¶·², L±¼´ ½¼SI·, b²IN¾ IN TH²
b¶L·±Ny ±N 9
TH
fl±±³ ²T·.)
• Social anxiety disorder.
P¶TI²NT ·±NST¶NTLy T³I²S T± ST¶y
IS±L¶T²´ »³±½ S±·I²Ty ¶V±I´IN¾
¶Ny Tyº² ±» ·±½½¼NI·¶TI±N.
¿IN·² ¶NXI²Ty ´IS±³´²³ Sy½º-
T±½S ·¶³³y ºHySI·¶L, b²H¶VI±³¶L
¶N´ ·±¾NITIV² ·H¶³¶·T²³, TH²
½±ST ·±½½±N »±³½ T± T³²¶T
IT IS TH² ´³¼¾ TH²³¶ºy ºL¼S
·±¾NITIV²-b²H¶VI±³¶L TH²³¶ºy.
F±³T¼N¶T²Ly, ½²´I·¶L ¶´V¶N·²S
±··¼³³²´ IN ºSy·H±ºH¶³½¶·±L-
±¾y IN TH² L¶ST 50 y²¶³S ½¶´²
IT º±SSIbL² T± ³²¶·H T±³½²NT
“³²LI²»” »±³ ½¶Ny ºSy·H±L±¾I·¶L
´IS±³´²³S, ·±NSI´²³²´ ¼NT³²¶T-
¶bL² º³²VI±¼SLy.
4.4 Neurodevelopmental Dis-
orders. Autism Spectrum.
µIST ±» ¶¼TIS½ ´I¶¾N±SIS
·±³³²L¶TI±NS/·±½º¶³IS±NS IS
²N´L²SS ¶N´ I» L±±kIN¾ ·L±S²Ly,
w² ¶LL ²Xº²³I²N·² TH² SI½IL¶³
Sy½ºT±½S ¶T S±½² º±INT ±»
±¼³ LIV²S: “D± y±¼ »±³¾²T y±¼
¶³² IN ¶ S±·I¶L SIT¼¶TI±N wH²N
S±½²THIN¾ ¾²TS y±¼³ ¶°²NTI±N?
D± y±¼ fiN´ IT ´Iffi·¼LT T± fi¾¼³²
±¼T H±w T± b²H¶V² IN V¶³I±¼S
SIT¼¶TI±NS? D± y±¼ T²N´ T± ¾²T
S± ST¼·k ±N ´²T¶ILS TH¶T y±¼ ½ISS
TH² ±V²³¶LL ºI·T¼³²?”
REt±iEvEd
²±om ³spiE QUiz ·vAlUAtion.
Y²S,
w² ¶LL ´± »³±½ TI½² T± TI½² ¶N´
±N·² ¶¾¶IN, w² »¶·² TH² S¶½²
½yST²³y: wHI·H ±N² IS ·±³³²·T
»±³½¶T T± b² ·±NSI´²³²´ N±³½¶L?
B¶S²´ ±N ·±N´¼·T²´ ³²-
S²¶³·H²S IN 2013, ²V²³y 1 ·HIL´
±¼T ±» 50 ±NLy IN
U¿A
IS S¼ff²³-
IN¾ »³±½ S±½² Tyº² ±» ¶¼TIS½
´IS±³´²³. ÁHIS N¼½b²³ IS
¶L¶³½IN¾! ¶³I±¼S Hyº±TH²S²S
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·HIL´³²N wITH ¶¼TIS½ Sº²·-
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²Xº±S¼³² T± ²NVI³±N½²NT¶L
T±XINS, ´Iff²³²NT V¶··IN²S (¶ſt²³
¶LL ²LI½IN¶T²´), ±³ ²V²N H¶VIN¾
¶N ±L´ »¶TH²³ ³²L¶TIN¾ TH² ¶¾²
T± ¼NkN±wN ¾²N²TI· Sº²³½
½¼T¶TI±N. B¼T ½¶INLy ¶N´ ¼N-
»±³T¼N¶T²Ly, TH² ³²¶S±N IS STILL
¼NkN±wN.
“¸» y±¼ w²³² T± S²² HI½
³I´IN¾ HIS bIk², S½ILIN¾ IN TH²
wIN´, y±¼’´ N²V²³ kN±w. Y±¼
S²², ½y b³±TH²³ IS LIk² ¶Ny
±TH²³ ²L²V²N-y²¶³-±L´… EX·²ºT
wH²N H² ISN’T.”
µAin ¶. ³Utism,
THE InvisiBlE µo±d: ³ SiBling’s
DiA±Y. ³mE±iCAn PsYCHologiCAl
³ssoCiAtion.
WH¶T ´± w² ²Xº²·T “wH²N
H²/SH² ISN’T?” A¼TIS½ ¿º²·-
T³¼½ DIS±³´²³S
(ACD)
IS
±¼TLIN²´ wITH ·±½½¼NI·¶TI±N
I½º¶I³½²NT, L¶·k ±» S±·I¶L
INT²³¶·TI±N, ³²º²TITIV² b²H¶VI±³
±³ ¶·TI±NS. ÁH²S² Sy½ºT±½S
V¶³y ¶½±N¾ º¶TI²NTS b¶S²´
±N S²V²³ITy ¶N´ ·±½ºL²XITy
±» TH² ·±N´ITI±N. B¶SI· ¶¼TIS½
Sy½ºT±½S S±½²TI½²S ´²V²L±º
N²¼³±L±¾I·¶L (SL²²º ´IS±³´²³,
½±±´ ´IS±³´²³, ¶NXI²Ty, Hy-
º²³¶·TIVITy) ±³ SyST²½I· ISS¼²S
(I½½¼N² ´yS»¼N·TI±N).
ÁyºI·¶LLy ´²V²L±ºIN¾ IN»¶NTS
²Xº³²SS TH²I³ N¶T¼³¶L ³²¶·TI±NS
b²IN¾ Tw± T± TH³²² ½±NTHS ±L´.
¸N»¶NT, wH± ½I¾HT ·¶³³y ¶¼-
TIS½, wILL SH±w TH² fi³ST Sy½º-
T±½S b²IN¾ 8 ±³ 10 ½±NTHS ±L´.
AL¶³½IN¾ fi³ST w¶³NIN¾, IN S¼·H
·¶S²S IS ¶L½±ST 0 ½¶NI»²ST¶TI±N
T± ¶Ny SI¾N ±³ S±¼N´ ±³ w¶V². ¸T
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